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Shrine of the Three Kings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Shrine of the Three Kings[1] (German Dreikönigsschrein[2] or Der Dreikönigenschrein),[3] Tomb of the Three Kings,[4] or Tomb of the Three Magi[5] is a reliquary traditionally believed to contain the bones of the Biblical Magi, also known as the Three Kings or the Three Wise Men. The shrine is a large gilded and decorated triple sarcophagus placed above and behind the high altar of Cologne Cathedral in western Germany. Built approximately from 1180 to 1225, it is considered the high point of Mosan art and the largest reliquary in the Western world.
History[edit]
Chapel of the Magi, Cologne Cathedral, where the Shrine of the Three Kings was kept from 1322 until 1948.
The "relics of the Magi" were originally situated at Constantinople, but brought to Milan in an oxcart by Eustorgius I, the city's bishop, to whom they were entrusted by the Emperor Constantine in 314.[6] Eight centuries later in 1164, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa took the relics of the Magi from the church of Saint Eustorgio in Milan and gave them to the Archbishop of Cologne, Rainald of Dassel.[7] The relics have since attracted a constant stream of pilgrims to Cologne.
"In the days of Philipp of Heinsberg the shrine of the three magi was built. This was told to me by some eyewitnesses who were present when the three magi were put into the shrine." — Vita Eustorgii[8]
Parts of the shrine were designed by the famous medieval goldsmith Nicholas of Verdun,[9] who began work on it in 1180 or 1181. It has elaborate gold sculptures of the prophets and apostles, and scenes from the life of Christ. The shrine was completed circa 1225.
Around 1199, King Otto IV gave three golden crowns, purported to be made for the three wise men, as a present to the church of Cologne. Because of the importance of the shrine and the cathedral for the later development of the city, the coat of arms of Cologne still shows these three crowns symbolizing the Three Kings.
Construction of the present Cologne Cathedral begun in 1248 to house these important relics. The cathedral took 632 years to complete and is now the largest Gothic church in northern Europe.
On 20 July 1864, the shrine was opened, revealing human remains and the coins of Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne. An eyewitness report reads:
- "In a special compartment of the shrine now there showed – along with remains of ancient old rotten or moulded bandages, most likely byssus, besides pieces of aromatic resins and similar substances – numerous bones of three persons, which under the guidance of several present experts could be assembled into nearly complete bodies: the one in his early youth, the second in his early manhood, the third was rather aged. Two coins, bracteates made of silver and only one side stricken, were adjoined; one, probably from the days of Philipps von Heinsberg, displayed a church (See Note), the other showed a cross, accompanied by the sword of jurisdiction, and the crosier (bishop's crook) on either side."[10]
- Note: "Just as the coin of Philipp in Hartzheim, historia rei nummariae coloniensis Table 3 No. 14, 16, (1754),[11] yet without its circumscription; the other (coin) is in square form, showed in the center a cross, accompanied by the sword of jurisdiction, and the crosier (bishop's crook) on either side, also without transcription, most certainly it is not younger and can be assumed perhaps to turn out to be a coin by Rainald [of Dassel]."[12]
The bones were wrapped in white silk and returned to the shrine.
Description[edit]
Size and construction[edit]
The Shrine of the Three Kings is approximately 110 cm (43 in) wide, 153 cm (60 in) high, and 220 cm (87 in) long. It is shaped like a basilica: two sarcophagi stand next to each other, with the third sarcophagus resting on their roof ridges. The ends are completely covered, so there is no space visible between the sarcophagi. The basic structure is made of wood, with gold and silver overlay decorated with filigree, enamel, and over 1,000 jewels and beads. The latter include a large number of cameos and intaglio pieces, some pre-Christian.
Decoration[edit]
The entire outside of the shrine is covered with an elaborate decorative overlay. There are 74 high relief figures in silver-gilt in all, not counting smaller additional figures in the background decoration. On the sides, images of the prophets decorate the lower part, while images of the apostles and evangelists decorate the upper part. On the front end of the reliquary, there are (across the bottom, from left to right) images of the Adoration of the Magi, the Virgin Mary enthroned with the infant Jesus, and the Baptism of Christ, and above, Christ enthroned at the Last Judgment. A removable filgree panel reveals a grille displaying the names of Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar. When the grille is removed, the skulls of the three Magi are shown wearing crowns. The other end of the reliquary shows scenes of the Passion: the scourging of Christ (lower left) and his crucifixion (lower left) with the resurrected Christ above. This end also has a bust of Rainald of Dassel in the center.
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archivo
13 julio 1969: Pablo VI recuerda en ángelus la primera misión del "Apollo 11"
El Osservatore Romano, recuerda esta efemérides, en lo que fue un momento histórico, que marco el mundo. Marcello Filotei recuerda el 20 de julio cuando los astronautas llegaron a la luna
Patricia Ynestroza-Ciudad del Vaticano
“La ciencia ficción se hizo realidad el 20 de julio de 1969, cuando los astronautas estadounidenses Neil Armstrong y Buzz Aldrin pisaron la luna a la que habían llegado después de cuatro días de viaje a bordo del Apollo 11. El tercer miembro de la misión, Michael Collins tuvo mala suerte, a pesar de que él dijo que no”.
Filotei recuerda que Collins era el único que podía pilotar el módulo de mando, y tenía que permanecer en órbita mientras los otros dos saltaban a la superficie lunar mientras el mundo los miraba en mundovisión. Era necesario, sin él, la misión no habría tenido éxito, pero no “debería haber sido fácil mantenerse alejado como Moisés para contemplar la "Luna prometida" sin poder alcanzarla. En cada órbita durante 48 minutos permaneció fuera del contacto por radio con la Tierra, las emociones que sintió, según informó, no eran de miedo ni de soledad, sino de "conciencia, anticipación, satisfacción, confianza, casi exaltación". En cualquier caso, continuó: "es desde los tiempos de Adán que nadie ha conocido semejante soledad humana".”
El momento de bajar a la luna
Los otros dos astronautas, tomaron más tiempo del esperado para salir del transbordador, “porque la mochila que llevaban detrás de ellos para asegurar su supervivencia era demasiado grande para pasar fácilmente por la escotilla”, cuenta Filotei, después de haber recolectado más de veinte kilogramos de piedras y haber plantado la bandera, en realidad solo lograron clavarla algunos centímetros porque el suelo era particularmente duro, regresaron a la nave.
Ante las maravillas de Dios ¿qué es el hombre?
Armstrong y Aldrin antes de regresar a la nave, dejaron en la superficie lunar una placa de oro en la que estaba grabado el Salmo 8: "Cuando veo tus cielos, obra de tus dedos, la luna y las estrellas que tú formaste, Digo: ¿Qué es el hombre, para que tengas de él memoria, y el hijo del hombre, para que lo visites? Le has hecho poco menor que los ángeles, y lo coronaste de gloria y de honra. Le hiciste señorear sobre las obras de tus manos; Todo lo pusiste debajo de sus pies”.
Papa Pablo VI quiso este mensaje en la luna
El mensaje al cosmos le había sido confiado por Pablo VI, quien ya había dirigido su pensamiento a la misión una semana antes. Fue el 13 de julio cuando el Papa Montini enfatizó que el momento iba "más allá de los elementos descriptivos de este hecho único y maravilloso". Se estaba haciendo historia y lo que más sorprendió al Papa fue "ver que no se trata de sueños". "La ciencia ficción se convierte en realidad", dijo, pero no se detuvo allí, sino que captó un aspecto particular de la misión: "Si consideramos la organización de cerebros, actividades, instrumentos, medios económicos, con todos los estudios, experimentos, Los intentos, la hazaña, la admiración se convierte en reflexión y la reflexión se curva sobre el hombre, el mundo, la civilización, de donde brotan novedades de tal sabiduría y de tal poder ".
Una vez más volvieron a surgir las preguntas habituales: "¿Quién es capaz de hacer tanto? tan pequeño, tan frágil, tan similar al animal, que no cambia y no sobrepasa por sí mismo los límites de sus instintos naturales, y tan superior, tan maestro de las cosas, ¿tan victorioso en el tiempo y el espacio? ¿Quiénes somos? Seiscientos millones de personas vieron la luna en vivo. La intuición de Pablo VI llamó la atención sobre la mano del hombre, colocando "esta criatura de Dios, incluso más que la misteriosa Luna, en el centro de este viaje".
https://www.vaticannews.va/es/papa/news/2019-07/efemerides-papa-pablo-vi-llegada-a-la-luna.html |
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CLEOPHAS/LEO/LEONARDO DA VINCI/LEON DE LA TRIBU DE JUDA/DAVID
C=LUNA CRECIENTE
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Message 23 of 31 on the subject |
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FRANKINCENSE/FATIMA/POPE FRANCIS/FRANCE/DA VINCI CODE/FREEMASONRY
And going into the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. (Matthew 2:11, ESV)
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Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballo
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Nebulosa Cabeza de Caballo |
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ALCHIMIA E MASSONERIA A VENEZIA - SECONDA PARTE La Chiesa di Santa Maria Maddalena a Cannaregio
SULLE TRACCE DI SIMBOLI E LUOGHI DI TRADIZIONI INIZIATICHE
La Chiesa di Maria Maddalena, a Cannaregio, è l’edificio più rappresentativo del potere e della ricchezza di alcune famiglie appartenenti alla Massoneria veneziana, che riuscirono a far costruire il tempio secondo i criteri di questa associazione. L’architetto ed erudito Tommaso Temanza, confratello di un’importante loggia massonica, nel 1763 progettò l’edificio con pianta circolare, in stile neoclassico e fece incidere sull’architrave della porta uno dei simboli più caratteristici della Massoneria: l’occhio all’interno di un cerchio iscritto in un triangolo.
Al di sotto la scritta ‘SAPIENTIA AEDIFICAVIT SIBI DOMUM’, inneggiante alla divina sapienza. All’interno della Chiesa molti sono i richiami espliciti all’associazione e la stessa tomba del Temanza porta incisi sulla lapide la squadra, la riga ed il compasso, strumenti-simbolo che ne attestavano l’appartenenza alla Massoneria (i confratelli, tra loro, si chiamano ‘muratori’).
https://evenice.it/blog/curiosita/alchimiamassoneria-venezia2.html?fb=v3 |
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