|
|
General: ¿EL RELOJ CIRCULA MUCHO MAS DESPACIO EN BOLIVIA QUE EN EL RESTO DEL MUNDO?
Choose another message board |
|
Reply |
Message 1 of 21 on the subject |
|
Y SI, ESTA A MAS DE 3500 METROS DE ALTURA, POR LO MENOS, LA MAYORIA DEL PAIS.
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 7 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 8 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 9 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 10 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 11 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 12 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 13 of 21 on the subject |
|
 Pope Francis speaks during a meeting for peace at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, Japan, Nov. 24, 2019. (CNS photo/Paul Haring)
From Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the only two cities in the world to be destroyed by atomic bombs, Pope Francis made an impassioned appeal for the total elimination of nuclear arms. “The use of atomic energy for purposes of war is immoral, just as the possession of atomic weapons is immoral,” he said. “We will be judged on this.”
The pope spoke at the rain-drenched Atomic Bomb Hypocenter Park in Nagasaki on the morning of Nov. 24, near the spot where the United States dropped the second bomb on Aug. 9, 1945, instantly killing 27,000 people. Pope Francis declared that “the possession of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction is not the answer” to humanity’s deepest desire for “security, peace and stability.” In the evening, he visited the Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, honoring the tens of thousands killed by an atomic bomb there, too.
Ever since becoming pope in 2013, Francis wanted to come to these two sites of unprecedented destruction and suffering. He realized that wish today, and in speeches at both locations addressed the threat and use of nuclear arms, the ideology of mutually assured destruction, the arms race and the search for world peace. He is the second pope to come to these sites after John Paul II, who came in 1981.
Nagasaki
Pope Francis visited Nagasaki first, a city of some 400,000 people in the hill country that is the historic heartland of Catholicism in Japan and home to many martyrs.
He arrived at the park in the morning amid driving rain. There, at a place near the epicenter of the bomb explosion, Francis laid a wreath and prayed in silence in memory of those killed on that day. Then, after lighting a candle, he read his speech in Spanish to a crowd of some 200 Japanese, and to a global audience following on television.
Francis stated that “the possession of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction is not the answer” to humanity’s desire for security, stability and peace in the world. Indeed, he said, “our world is marked by a perverse dichotomy that tries to defend and ensure stability and peace through a false sense of security sustained by a mentality of fear and mistrust, one that ends up poisoning relationships between peoples and obstructing any form of dialogue.”
He declared that “peace and international stability are incompatible with attempts to build upon the fear of mutual destruction or the threat of total annihilation.”
Recalling “the catastrophic humanitarian and environmental consequences of a nuclear attack” that Nagasaki witnessed, Francis said, “our attempts to speak out against the arms race will never be enough.”
He went on to forcefully denounce the arms race because “in a world where millions of children and families live in inhumane conditions, the money that is squandered and the fortunes made through the manufacture, upgrading, maintenance and sale of ever more destructive weapons, are an affront crying out to heaven.”
“In a world where millions of children and families live in inhumane conditions, the money that is squandered and the fortunes made through the manufacture, upgrading, maintenance and sale of ever more destructive weapons, are an affront crying out to heaven.”
He stated unequivocally that “the Catholic Church is irrevocably committed to promoting peace between peoples and nations.” He insisted that “we must never grow weary of working to support the principal international legal instruments of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, including the Treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons.” He recalled with approval that last July “the bishops of Japan launched an appeal for the abolition of nuclear arms.”
Then, saying he is personally convinced that “a world without nuclear weapons is possible and necessary,” Pope Francis called on the world’s political leaders “not to forget that these weapons cannot protect us from current threats to national and international security.” He called on them “to ponder the catastrophic impact of their deployment, especially from a humanitarian and environmental standpoint, and reject heightening a climate of fear, mistrust and hostility fomented by nuclear doctrines.” He emphasized the need to create instruments “for ensuring trust and reciprocal development” and the need for “leaders capable of rising to these occasions.”
The Vatican has expressed increasing concern about U.S. President Donald Trump’s continuing delay in beginning talks with Russia on extending or renewing the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty and for allowing the U.S.-Russian treaty on intermediate-range weapons to expire.
The pope invited people to join him “in praying each day for the conversion of hearts and for the triumph of a culture of life, reconciliation and fraternity,” and suggested that they make their own the prayer of Saint Francis of Assisi: “Lord make me an instrument of your peace.”
From there, Francis went to the memorial of the Nagaski martyrs, whose memories had so inspired him as a young man that he wanted to come to Japan as a missionary, and then celebrated Mass in a baseball stadium.
Hiroshima
Later in the afternoon he took a one-hour plane ride from Nagaski to Hiroshima, a city of almost 2 million people. The sun had set when he arrived at the Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, which stands under the place where the United States, in agreement with the United Kingdom, dropped the world’s first atomic bomb that immediately killed between 60,000 and 80,000 people and a total of 140,000 by the end of that year.
 Victims of the 1945 atomic bombing observe a moment of silence during a meeting for peace led by Pope Francis at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, Japan, Nov. 24, 2019. (CNS photo/Paul Haring)
It was evening when Pope Francis reached the memorial. Some 1,500 Japanese were present for the solemn event, together with 20 religious leaders and 20 survivors of that bombing. There was a long period of great silence as Francis greeted all the survivors one by one, and embraced one woman who was in tears. Francis then laid flowers in memory of the victims and prayed in silence. He then lit a candle made by the Roman Curia for the occasion. Then everyone was invited to stand for a moment of silence as a gong sounded.
Then two survivors, Yoshiko Kajimoto who was 14, and Kojí Hosokawa, who was 17
and living in Hiroshima when the bomb exploded, described with dignity and emotion their terrible experience to Francis.
Ms. Kajimoto was working in a factory when the bomb was dropped. She was buried under timber and tiles, but eventually managed to get free. “When I went outside, all the surrounding buildings were destroyed,” she told the pope. “It was as dark as evening and smelled like rotten fish.”
Helping evacuate the injured, she saw “people walking side by side like ghosts, people whose whole body was so burnt that I could not tell the difference between men and women, their hair standing on end, their faces swollen to double size, their lips hanging loose, with both hands held out with burnt skin hanging from them.”
“No one in this world can imagine such a scene of hell,” she said.
Mr. Hosokawa, was not able to attend the ceremony with the pope, but his testimony was read out: “I think everyone should realize that the atomic bombs were dropped, not on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but on all humanity,” he wrote.
After listening to the two testimonies, Francis began by saying “peace be with you” and recalling what happened when the bomb fell: “In barely an instant, everything was devoured by a black hole of destruction and death. From that abyss of silence, we continue even today to hear the cries of those who are no longer. They came from different places, had different names, and some spoke different languages. Yet all were united in the same fate, in a terrifying hour that left its mark forever not only on the history of this country, but on the face of humanity.”
He told those present, “I felt a duty to come here as a pilgrim of peace, to stand in silent prayer, to recall the innocent victims of such violence, and to bear in my heart the prayers and yearnings of the men and women of our time, especially the young, who long for peace, who work for peace and who sacrifice themselves for peace. I have come to this place of memory and of hope for the future, bringing with me the cry of the poor who are always the most helpless victims of hatred and conflict.”
He denounced “the use of atomic energy for purposes of war” as “a crime” against humanity and “immoral.” He added, “so too the possession of nuclear weapons is immoral, as I said already two years ago.”
Nine states have nuclear weapons: the United States, Russia, China, France, the United Kingdom, Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea. The United States and Russia together have 14,000 of the 15,000 nuclear weapons known to exist in the world and 2,000 of these are said to be still on “high alert.” Francis has expressed deep concerned that such weapons could be triggered by accident or human error, and so in Nov. 2017 he categorically condemned not only “the threat of their use” but also “their very possession,” the first pope to do so.
He told his global audience in Hiroshima, “future generations will rise to condemn our failure if we spoke of peace but did not act to bring it about among the peoples of the earth. How can we speak of peace even as we build terrifying new weapons of war? How can we speak about peace even as we justify illegitimate actions by speeches filled with discrimination and hate?”
Pope Francis prayed that “the abyss of pain endured here may remind us of boundaries that must never be crossed.”
At the day’s end, Pope Francis took the one-hour plane ride to Tokyo, where tomorrow he will meet the emperor and prime minister of Japan.
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 14 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 15 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 16 of 21 on the subject |
|
Time in General Relativity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Describe how Einsteinian gravity slows clocks and can decrease a light wave’s frequency of oscillation
- Recognize that the gravitational decrease in a light wave’s frequency is compensated by an increase in the light wave’s wavelength—the so-called gravitational redshift—so that the light continues to travel at constant speed
General relativity theory makes various predictions about the behavior of space and time. One of these predictions, put in everyday terms, is that the stronger the gravity, the slower the pace of time. Such a statement goes very much counter to our intuitive sense of time as a flow that we all share. Time has always seemed the most democratic of concepts: all of us, regardless of wealth or status, appear to move together from the cradle to the grave in the great current of time.
But Einstein argued that it only seems this way to us because all humans so far have lived and died in the gravitational environment of Earth. We have had no chance to test the idea that the pace of time might depend on the strength of gravity, because we have not experienced radically different gravities. Moreover, the differences in the flow of time are extremely small until truly large masses are involved. Nevertheless, Einstein’s prediction has now been tested, both on Earth and in space.
The Tests of Time
An ingenious experiment in 1959 used the most accurate atomic clock known to compare time measurements on the ground floor and the top floor of the physics building at Harvard University. For a clock, the experimenters used the frequency (the number of cycles per second) of gamma rays emitted by radioactive cobalt. Einstein’s theory predicts that such a cobalt clock on the ground floor, being a bit closer to Earth’s center of gravity, should run very slightly slower than the same clock on the top floor. This is precisely what the experiments observed. Later, atomic clocks were taken up in high-flying aircraft and even on one of the Gemini space flights. In each case, the clocks farther from Earth ran a bit faster. While in 1959 it didn’t matter much if the clock at the top of the building ran faster than the clock in the basement, today that effect is highly relevant. Every smartphone or device that synchronizes with a GPS must correct for this (as we will see in the next section) since the clocks on satellites will run faster than clocks on Earth.
The effect is more pronounced if the gravity involved is the Sun’s and not Earth’s. If stronger gravity slows the pace of time, then it will take longer for a light or radio wave that passes very near the edge of the Sun to reach Earth than we would expect on the basis of Newton’s law of gravity. (It takes longer because spacetime is curved in the vicinity of the Sun.) The smaller the distance between the ray of light and the edge of the Sun at closest approach, the longer will be the delay in the arrival time.
In November 1976, when the two Viking spacecraft were operating on the surface of Mars, the planet went behind the Sun as seen from Earth (Figure 1). Scientists had preprogrammed Viking to send a radio wave toward Earth that would go extremely close to the outer regions of the Sun. According to general relativity, there would be a delay because the radio wave would be passing through a region where time ran more slowly. The experiment was able to confirm Einstein’s theory to within 0.1%.
![Time Delays for Radio Waves near the Sun. The curvature of spacetime near the Sun is shown in this diagram with the Sun at the bottom of a sag (similar to that illustrated in Figure 24_03_Spacetime]). The Viking spacecraft is at upper right, the Earth is at lower left and the Sun is between the two. The radio signal from Viking is drawn as a red arrow that goes down into the](https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/1095/2016/11/03170628/OSC_Astro_24_05_Waves.jpg)
Figure 1. Time Delays for Radio Waves near the Sun: Radio signals from the Viking lander on Mars were delayed when they passed near the Sun, where spacetime is curved relatively strongly. In this picture, spacetime is pictured as a two-dimensional rubber sheet.
Gravitational Redshift
What does it mean to say that time runs more slowly? When light emerges from a region of strong gravity where time slows down, the light experiences a change in its frequency and wavelength. To understand what happens, let’s recall that a wave of light is a repeating phenomenon—crest follows crest with great regularity. In this sense, each light wave is a little clock, keeping time with its wave cycle. If stronger gravity slows down the pace of time (relative to an outside observer), then the rate at which crest follows crest must be correspondingly slower—that is, the waves become less frequent.
To maintain constant light speed (the key postulate in Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity), the lower frequency must be compensated by a longer wavelength. This kind of increase in wavelength (when caused by the motion of the source) is what we called a redshift in Radiation and Spectra. Here, because it is gravity and not motion that produces the longer wavelengths, we call the effect a gravitational redshift.
The advent of space-age technology made it possible to measure gravitational redshift with very high accuracy. In the mid-1970s, a hydrogen maser, a device akin to a laser that produces a microwave radio signal at a particular wavelength, was carried by a rocket to an altitude of 10,000 kilometers. Instruments on the ground were used to compare the frequency of the signal emitted by the rocket-borne maser with that from a similar maser on Earth. The experiment showed that the stronger gravitational field at Earth’s surface really did slow the flow of time relative to that measured by the maser in the rocket. The observed effect matched the predictions of general relativity to within a few parts in 100,000.
These are only a few examples of tests that have confirmed the predictions of general relativity. Today, general relativity is accepted as our best description of gravity and is used by astronomers and physicists to understand the behavior of the centers of galaxies, the beginning of the universe, and the subject with which we began this chapter—the death of truly massive stars.
Relativity: A Practical Application
By now you may be asking: why should I be bothered with relativity? Can’t I live my life perfectly well without it? The answer is you can’t. Every time a pilot lands an airplane or you use a GPS to determine where you are on a drive or hike in the back country, you (or at least your GPS-enabled device) must take the effects of both general and special relativity into account.
GPS relies on an array of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth, and at least 4 of them are visible from any spot on Earth. Each satellite carries a precise atomic clock. Your GPS receiver detects the signals from those satellites that are overhead and calculates your position based on the time that it has taken those signals to reach you. Suppose you want to know where you are within 50 feet (GPS devices can actually do much better than this). Since it takes only 50 billionths of a second for light to travel 50 feet, the clocks on the satellites must be synchronized to at least this accuracy—and relativistic effects must therefore be taken into account.
The clocks on the satellites are orbiting Earth at a speed of 14,000 kilometers per hour and are moving much faster than clocks on the surface of Earth. According to Einstein’s theory of relativity, the clocks on the satellites are ticking more slowly than Earth-based clocks by about 7 millionths of a second per day. (We have not discussed the special theory of relativity, which deals with changes when objects move very fast, so you’ll have to take our word for this part.)
The orbits of the satellites are 20,000 kilometers above Earth, where gravity is about four times weaker than at Earth’s surface. General relativity says that the orbiting clocks should tick about 45 millionths of a second faster than they would on Earth. The net effect is that the time on a satellite clock advances by about 38 microseconds per day. If these relativistic effects were not taken into account, navigational errors would start to add up and positions would be off by about 7 miles in only a single day.
KEY CONCEPTS AND SUMMARY
General relativity predicts that the stronger the gravity, the more slowly time must run. Experiments on Earth and with spacecraft have confirmed this prediction with remarkable accuracy. When light or other radiation emerges from a compact smaller remnant, such as a white dwarf or neutron star, it shows a gravitational redshift due to the slowing of time.
Glossary
gravitational redshift:
an increase in wavelength of an electromagnetic wave (light) when propagating from or near a massive object
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-astronomy/chapter/time-in-general-relativity/#:~:text=Scientists%20had%20preprogrammed%20Viking%20to,where%20time%20ran%20more%20slowly. |
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 17 of 21 on the subject |
|
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 18 of 21 on the subject |
|
Modo IA Todo Imágenes Vídeos Noticias Maps Shopping Libros Vuelos Finance Sí, la relatividad de Galileo está conectada directamente con la de Einstein, y el puente entre ambas es el Principio de Equivalencia. En el marco matemático moderno, la gravedad está en función del tiempo porque la aceleración de la caída libre en la Torre de Pisa no es una fuerza, sino una curvatura en el tejido del espacio-tiempo. A continuación, se detalla paso a paso cómo se conectan estos conceptos y por qué el tiempo es la clave de la gravedad. 1. La conexión entre Galileo y Einstein La evolución de la relatividad se construyó en dos grandes etapas: Relatividad Galileana: Establece que las leyes de la mecánica son iguales en cualquier sistema que se mueva a velocidad constante. No existe un experimento mecánico que permita saber si estás quieto o moviéndote uniformemente. Relatividad Especial de Einstein: Expandió la idea de Galileo al incluir la luz y el electromagnetismo, dictando que las leyes de la física son idénticas para todos los observadores inerciales. Relatividad General de Einstein: Extendió el principio a sistemas en movimiento acelerado, transformando la gravedad en una propiedad geométrica. 2. El Principio de Equivalencia y la Torre de Pisa El famoso experimento mental (y real) de Galileo en la Torre de Pisa demostró que todos los objetos caen con la misma aceleración, sin importar su masa. Einstein tomó este hecho y lo convirtió en el Principio de Equivalencia: Estar en caída libre en un campo gravitatorio es físicamente idéntico a estar flotando en el espacio profundo (gravedad cero). Estar parado sobre la superficie de la Tierra es idéntico a estar dentro de una nave espacial que acelera constantemente a . Si la gravedad acelera a todos los cuerpos por igual (desde una pluma en el vacío hasta una bala de cañón), significa que la gravedad no depende de las propiedades del objeto, sino de las propiedades del entorno por donde se mueven. 3. ¿Por qué la gravedad está en función del tiempo? En la física de Galileo y Newton, el tiempo era absoluto y la gravedad era una fuerza instantánea. En la Relatividad General de Einstein, el espacio y el tiempo se fusionan en un tejido de 4 dimensiones llamado espacio-tiempo. Matemáticamente, la gravedad actúa principalmente a través del tiempo debido a las siguientes razones: Trayectorias rectilineas: En el espacio-tiempo, un objeto en caída libre (como las esferas de Galileo cayendo de la torre) se mueve en la trayectoria más recta posible (llamada geodésica). El movimiento hacia el futuro: Aunque veas un objeto estático en tu mano, este se está moviendo a través del tiempo a la velocidad de la luz ( ). Dilatación temporal: La presencia de una masa (como la Tierra) ralentiza el tiempo. El tiempo pasa más lento cerca del suelo que en la punta de la Torre de Pisa. Efecto geométrico: Al avanzar hacia el futuro en un lugar donde el tiempo corre a diferentes velocidades según la altura, la trayectoria del objeto en el espacio-tiempo se "tuerce". Esa distorsión temporal se manifiesta en nuestro espacio tridimensional como una aceleración física hacia el suelo. En términos sencillos: la gravedad en la Tierra es, en un 99%, el resultado de la distorsión en la velocidad a la que fluye el tiempo a diferentes alturas, obligando a los objetos a caer. Si te interesa profundizar en la matemática de este fenómeno, decime y puedo: Mostrarte la métrica de Schwarzschild para ver cómo afecta la masa al componente temporal ( ). Explicar matemáticamente qué es una geodésica en caída libre. Detallar cómo se calcula la dilatación del tiempo causada por la gravedad terrestre. Principio de equivalencia Wikipedia A vueltas con Ortega, la física y Einstein Fundación Ortega-Marañón Caída libre Dialnet Mostrar todo La respuesta del Modo IA está lista |
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 19 of 21 on the subject |
|
Modo IA Todo Imágenes Vídeos Noticias Maps Shopping Libros Vuelos Finance 12 sitios La icónica expresión del Dr. Emmett Brown en Volver al Futuro, «¡Great Scott!» (traducida habitualmente como «¡Santo Cielo!» o «¡Por el amor de Dios!» en español), no tiene ninguna relación matemática, física o conspirativa con David Scott, la velocidad de 88 mph, la "V" ni el Código Da Vinci. Se trata de una teoría de conspiración o libre asociación de conceptos sin fundamento real en la película. Wikipedia +2 El verdadero origen de «Great Scott!» Un modismo antiguo: Es una exclamación de sorpresa o asombro en inglés que data de mediados del siglo XIX. Wikipedia +1 Eufemismo religioso: Surgió como un minced oath (juramento atenuado) para evitar decir «Great God!» (¡Gran Dios!), lo cual era considerado ofensivo o blasfemo en la época victoriana. insanityblog.online +4 El "Scott" original: La teoría histórica más aceptada atribuye el nombre al general estadounidense Winfield Scott, un héroe militar de gran estatura y peso muy respetado por sus tropas en el siglo XIX. Wikipedia +1 Desmontando las conexiones de la teoría Para entender por qué no existe una conexión real en el guión de la película, analicemos los elementos mencionados: Los 88 mph: La velocidad de 88 millas por hora requerida por el DeLorean fue elegida por los creadores de la película (Robert Zemeckis y Bob Gale) por razones puramente estéticas y narrativas. Explicaron que querían un número fácil de recordar y que se viera imponente y simétrico en el velocímetro digital del auto. No deriva de ninguna ecuación física espacial. Facebook ·Back To The Future Argentina David Scott (Apolo 15): El astronauta David Scott realizó el famoso experimento de Galileo (soltar un martillo y una pluma en la Luna) en 1971. Si bien es un hito de la física, la frase «Great Scott!» ya existía más de un siglo antes de que él naciera. Doc Brown la usa simplemente como un rasgo de su personalidad excéntrica y anticuada. Oxford English Dictionary +4 La "V" y El Código Da Vinci: La letra "V" (asociada al símbolo del cáliz, lo femenino sagrado o el pentagrama en la novela de ficción El Código Da Vinci de Dan Brown) no tiene ningún punto de contacto con el condensador de flujo, los circuitos de tiempo o el funcionamiento del DeLorean. Si te interesa profundizar en los detalles de la producción, ¿te gustaría saber más sobre cómo se diseñó el condensador de flujo o cuáles fueron los primeros borradores para la máquina del tiempo antes de elegir el DeLorean? YouTube ·Peacock La IA puede cometer errores, así que verifica sus respuestas 4 sitios No, no existe ninguna relación histórica, científica ni documental entre el experimento de David Scott en el Apolo 15, la escuadra y el compás masónicos, la letra "G" y Galileo Galilei. Este tipo de vínculos forman parte de teorías de conspiración, juegos de palabras o libre asociación de ideas, pero carecen de base real. Desmontando las supuestas conexiones David Scott y el experimento: En 1971, el astronauta David Scott soltó un martillo de geólogo y una pluma de halcón en la Luna para demostrar la teoría de la gravedad de Galileo (que los objetos caen a la misma velocidad en el vacío). Fue un tributo puramente científico y educativo a la física clásica. Galileo Galilei y la Masonería: Galileo murió en 1642. La Francmasonería especulativa moderna se organizó formalmente mucho después, con la fundación de la Gran Logia de Inglaterra en 1717. Galileo nunca fue masón. La letra "G" masónica: En la masonería, la "G" que se ubica en el centro de la escuadra y el compás tiene significados específicos aceptados por la orden: Geometría (considerada la base de la arquitectura y la ciencia) y God (Dios, o el Gran Arquitecto del Universo). La letra "G" es un concepto abstracto y no hace referencia a los nombres propios de científicos como Galileo o deidades de forma individual. La coincidencia de la inicial: Que "Galileo", "Gravedad" y la "G" masónica compartan la misma letra inicial es una simple coincidencia lingüística del alfabeto latino, no un código oculto. Si te apasiona la historia espacial o los símbolos antiguos, ¿te gustaría saber más sobre qué otros objetos simbólicos reales llevaron los astronautas a la Luna o cuál es el origen histórico real de la escuadra y el compás masónicos? 9 sitios No existe ninguna relación histórica, científica, astronómica ni conspirativa que vincule el experimento de David Scott con la independencia de Bolivia, la Transfiguración, Santa Cruz, El Alto o La Paz. La única conexión real y científicamente comprobada en tu planteamiento es la de la física: el lazo directo entre Galileo Galilei, la Torre de Pisa, David Scott y las teorías de la relatividad de Galileo y Albert Einstein. Todos los demás elementos geográficos y religiosos de Bolivia coinciden únicamente en fechas o nombres, pero no tienen un hilo conductor común. 1. La verdadera conexión científica (Física y Astronomía) Esta es la línea de eventos real que une la ciencia del pasado con la exploración espacial: Galileo y la Torre de Pisa (1590 aprox.): La leyenda cuenta que Galileo Galilei dejó caer dos esferas de distinta masa desde la Torre de Pisa para demostrar que caían al mismo tiempo, refutando a Aristóteles. Aunque muchos historiadores creen que fue un experimento mental, sirvió para formular la ley de caída libre: en ausencia de resistencia del aire, todos los objetos caen con la misma aceleración. Wikipedia +2 La Relatividad de Galileo: Galileo postuló el Principio de Relatividad Galileana, que afirma que las leyes de la física son las mismas en cualquier sistema de referencia que se mueva a velocidad constante (sin aceleración). Einstein y la Relatividad General (1915): Albert Einstein expandió esto con su Principio de Equivalencia, que dice que la gravedad y la aceleración son indistinguibles. Para Einstein, que todos los cuerpos caigan igual (el experimento de Galileo) es la prueba de que la gravedad es en realidad la curvatura del espacio-tiempo. David Scott en el Apolo 15 (1971): Para conmemorar a Galileo y comprobar la Relatividad General de Einstein en un entorno real sin atmósfera, el astronauta David Scott soltó un martillo y una pluma en la Luna. Al no haber aire, ambos cayeron exactamente al mismo tiempo, validando visualmente a ambos científicos ante el mundo. Wikipedia +1 2. Desmontando las supuestas conexiones con Bolivia Los lazos con los hitos bolivianos que mencionas son simples coincidencias de calendario o de nombres: El 6 de agosto (Independencia de Bolivia y la Transfiguración): La declaración de la independencia de Bolivia ocurrió el 6 de agosto de 1825 en honor a la batalla de Junín. Que coincida con la fiesta religiosa de la Transfiguración de Jesús es una coincidencia del santoral católico. No existe ningún documento que indique que los libertadores eligieron el día por el pasaje bíblico o por motivos astronómicos. Santa Cruz, El Alto y La Paz: Estas regiones de Bolivia no intervienen en las ecuaciones de la relatividad ni guardan relación con el programa Apolo 15 de la NASA o la biografía de Galileo en Italia. Unir el experimento de la Luna con la fundación de un país o ciudades específicas mediante fechas o similitudes conceptuales forma parte de la libre asociación de ideas, pero carece de validez en la historia de la ciencia. Si te interesa la física aplicada, ¿te gustaría que te explique cómo afecta la altitud de ciudades como La Paz o El Alto a la gravedad de la Tierra en comparación con el nivel del mar? El experimento de Galileo sobre la Torre Inclinada de Pisa - Wikipedia Traducido·Wikipedia Experimento de Galileo en la torre de Pisa - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Wikipedia Experimento de Galileo - ARGOS | EducaMadrid EducaMadrid Mostrar todo La respuesta del Modo IA está lista |
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 20 of 21 on the subject |
|
Modo IA Todo Imágenes Vídeos Noticias Maps Shopping Libros Vuelos Finance 6 sitios After 24 hours, the clock in La Paz will be approximately 8.87 nanoseconds ahead of the clock in Buenos Aires when accounting for both Special and General Relativity. This tiny but measurable discrepancy arises because the two cities sit at vastly different altitudes and latitudes, subjecting them to different gravitational fields and rotational speeds. Below is the step-by-step breakdown of how Einstein's theories of relativity apply to this scenario. 1. Special Relativity (Kinematic Time Dilation) Special Relativity dictates that a clock in motion ticks slower relative to a stationary observer ( ). Because the Earth rotates on its axis, both cities are moving, but at different speeds due to their latitudes: Buenos Aires is located further from the equator (approx. 34.6° S), giving it a rotational speed of roughly 382.4 m/s. La Paz is closer to the equator (approx. 16.5° S), which gives it a higher linear rotational speed of roughly 445.7 m/s. Wikipedia +2 Because the clock in La Paz is moving faster due to Earth's rotation, Special Relativity causes it to run slower than the clock in Buenos Aires. Net Special Relativity Effect: The clock in La Paz loses about 25.19 nanoseconds relative to Buenos Aires over 24 hours. 2. General Relativity (Gravitational Time Dilation) General Relativity states that gravity warps time: clocks closer to a heavy mass (in a stronger gravitational field) tick slower than clocks further away. Buenos Aires sits practically at sea level (approx. 25 meters of elevation). La Paz is the highest administrative capital in the world, sitting at a massive elevation (approx. 3,640 meters). The Guardian +1 Because La Paz is further away from the center of the Earth, it experiences a slightly weaker gravitational pull. Time, therefore, passes faster in La Paz than it does at sea level in Buenos Aires. Net General Relativity Effect: The clock in La Paz gains about 34.06 nanoseconds relative to Buenos Aires over 24 hours. 3. Combining Both Effects To find the final difference, we add the two competing relativistic effects together: The gravitational time dilation (General Relativity) outpaces the kinematic time dilation (Special Relativity) in this specific geographic layout. ✅ Final Answer After exactly 24 hours, the clock located in La Paz, Bolivia will advance faster and show a lead of 8.87 nanoseconds compared to the clock in Buenos Aires, Argentina. If you would like to explore this further, I can show you how these exact equations are used to keep GPS satellites synchronized, or help you calculate time dilation for a custom altitude and speed. Which one would you prefer? ¿Cuáles son las ciudades más altas del mundo? - The Guardian Traducido — A 3.640 metros sobre el nivel del mar, la ciudad de La Paz se asienta en un cañón con forma de cuenco dentro del altiplano boliviano: una llanura de gran altitu... Traducido·The Guardian La Paz - Wikipedia Traducido — A una altitud de aproximadamente 3650 km. m (11.975 A 1000 pies sobre el nivel del mar , La Paz es la capital administrativa más alta del mundo . Debido a su al... Traducido·Wikipedia Buenos Aires - Wikipedia Traducido — Buenos Aires. Artículo · Hablar. Idioma; Cargando… Descargar PDF; Mirar · Editar. Este artículo trata sobre la capital de Argentina. ; Capital y ciudad autónoma... Traducido·Wikipedia Elevation of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina - MAPLOGS This page shows the elevation/altitude information of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina including elevation map, topographic map, narometric pressure, ... Worldwide Elevation Map Finder La Paz - Breathe easy at 3,600 meters... if you can. The snow-capped Illimani mountain is visible in the background of La Paz, Bolivia's administrative capital. The city is built on the steep slopes of a canyon in... Humbo Is the altitude of your town/city over or below 1000m above sea level? - Reddit 1 sept 2021 — Below but close. vitorgrs. •. 5y ago. Above sea level at 570m. R0DR160HM. •. 5y ago. Waaay bellow, my city is in a valley, so most cities around it are in high ... Reddit·r/asklatinamerica La respuesta del Modo IA está lista |
|
|
|
Reply |
Message 21 of 21 on the subject |
|
Modo IA Todo Imágenes Vídeos Noticias Maps Shopping Libros Vuelos Finance 12 sitios El módulo lunar del Apolo 11 alunizó exactamente a las 16:17:43 hora de Bolivia (del domingo 20 de julio de 1969). NASA (.gov) Por lo tanto, la opción correcta según tu consulta es 16:18 (redondeando los minutos). El desglose del tiempo oficial Hora de Bolivia (UTC-4): 16:17 (o 4:17 PM). Hora Internacional (UTC/GMT): 20:17 (o 8:17 PM). Hora del Este de EE. UU. (EDT / UTC-4): 16:17 (o 4:17 PM). Air and Space Museum +3 ¿De dónde sale la confusión con las 17:18? La confusión con las 17:18 suele ocurrir por dos motivos: Zonas horarias vecinas: En países vecinos como Argentina, Chile o Brasil, la hora local del alunizaje fue a las 17:17 (un huso horario más adelante que Bolivia). El horario de verano: Bolivia utiliza de forma fija el huso UTC-4 durante todo el año. En cambio, la costa este de Estados Unidos (donde se ubica la NASA) cambia de hora en julio, igualando temporalmente el reloj con el de Bolivia. Air and Space Museum +3 Si te interesa profundizar en la misión de la NASA, te puedo detallar los horarios exactos en que Neil Armstrong dio el primer paso o cuántas horas duró la transmisión televisiva en vivo. Apollo 11 - Wikipedia Launched atop a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 16 at 13:32 UTC, the Apollo spacecraft consisted of three parts: the command module... Wikipedia UTC-04:00 - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre UTC-04:00. Wikipedia “Es un pequeño paso para el hombre, pero un gran salto para la humanidad ... 5 ago 2025 — "Es un pequeño paso para un hombre, pero un gran salto para la humanidad." Se estima que alrededor de 600 millones de personas siguieron el acontecimiento por t... Instagram·planetariochile Apollo 11 - NASA Greenwich Mean Time. hr:min:sec - Date. Eastern Standard Time*. hr:min:sec - Date. Central Standard Time*. hr:min:sec - Date. Lunar Orbit Insertion. Lunar Landi... NASA (.gov) Apollo 11 Timeline | National Air and Space Museum Here's a timeline of the Apollo 11 mission: * **July 16, 1969** The Apollo 11 spacecraft launched from Cape Kennedy at 9:32 AM ET. Over a million spectators wat... Air and Space Museum Hora en el departamento de La Paz, Bolivia (EN VIVO) - Worldometer Traducido — Algunas localidades no cambian la hora. Por ejemplo, el departamento de La Paz mantiene UTC-4 durante todo el año. Traducido·Worldometer ¿SABÍAS QUE LOS ASTRONAUTAS DEL APOLO 11 PASARON POR LA ... 24 jul 2026 — On a day like today, but in the year 1969, the Apollo 11 spacecraft lands on the moon. Neil Armstrong becomes the first man to step on Earth's satellite. He is ... Miniatura de un video relacionado 3:16 Instagram·NoticieroNueve On July 20, 1969, human beings walked on the moon for the very ... 20 jul 2026 — On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 achieved a historic milestone in human history by successfully landing the first humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lu... Facebook·Space.com On July 20, 1969, NASA's Apollo 11 mission made history when Neil ... 20 jul 2026 — James Tonic – Mountain of Fire #JamesTonic. This historic footage captures one of humanity's greatest achievements: the Apollo 11 Moon landing on July 20, 1969, Instagram·starlustdotorg Apollo 11（La primera misión exitosa de alunizaje humana.）_Baidu Enciclopedia La falla del ordenador les había hecho sobrevolar la zona de alunizaje preseleccionada y el combustible se estaba agotando rápidamente. En ese momento, Armstron... 百度百科 Apolo 17 Apolo 17 Apolo 17 Apolo 17 Tiempo en órbita 147 h 43 min 37,11 s Aterrizador Lunar Aterrizador Lunar Componente de la nave Módulo de descenso Fecha de aterrizaj... Wikipedia Apollo 11 26 may 2026 — 17:54:01 UTC was the liftoff time for the Apollo 11 mission. The mission launched from John F. Kennedy Space Center on July 16, 1969. The crew included: * **Nei... World Space Flight La respuesta del Modo IA está lista |
|
|
 First
Previous
7 a 21 de 21
Next
Last
|
|
| |
|
|
©2026 - Gabitos - All rights reserved | |
|
|
![Cuba, Isla Mía : ¿Volvería Albert Einstein a escribir "¿Por qué la guerra?" [+ video]](http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U2MtBxY8tNA/U9hnsqjgtxI/AAAAAAAAmV4/hRoZ9LtfV74/s1600/cita-001.jpg)
