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De: BARILOCHENSE6999  (Mensaje original) Enviado: 27/01/2013 00:32

By CNN's Craig Francis

(CNN) -- The onset of the bitter Central Asian winter has been identified as the defining deadline facing the United States' military action in Afghanistan.

But the start of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan about two weeks earlier could force their hand even sooner.

U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell has said that any decision on whether to continue the campaign during the Ramadan would be based on military, not diplomatic, reasons.

"It is a very important religious period, and we will take that into account," he said speaking two weeks into the U.S.-led strikes.

RESOURCES
Pillars of Islam 
Islam: Key facts 
 
BACKGROUNDER
Islam: A religion of many faces, misconceptions 
 

"We will have to see where the mission is at that point, and what needs to be done, and I will yield to my colleagues in the Pentagon as to what we will do as we approach the season of Ramadan." The holy month is expected to begin on November 17.

The exact date Ramadan begins often depends on clerics in a particular nation. Tradition holds it starts with the sighting of the new moon in the ninth month of the Muslim year, as prescribed in Islam's holy text, the Koran.

http://archives.cnn.com/2001/fyi/news/10/22/ramadan/index.html

According to Islamic tradition it was during Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, that the Archangel Gabriel revealed the 144 chapters or surahs of the Koran to the Prophet Mohammed.

An estimated 1 billion people are followers of Islam worldwide, with an estimated 5 million to 6 million in the United States.

Although battles have been waged during Ramadan through the ages, the United States will be aware that any fighting on Muslim soil during this period could strain relations with the Islamic countries who have given at least tacit backing to the strikes against Afghanistan's ruling Taliban.

Five pillars of Islam

The importance of the fasting month of Ramadan on the psyche of the Muslim cannot be underestimated.

One of the five pillars of Islam, the pressure on all Muslims to remain faithful to Islam is never more obvious than at this time.

Military action against a Muslim nation by a Western power could test the almost universal government support the U.S. war on terrorism has engendered.

Speaking at the APEC summit in Shanghai, Indonesian Foreign Minister Hasan Wirayuda said the situation could become extremely volatile.

He warned of "explosions across the Muslim world if the U.S. military campaign continues into the holy period of Ramadan."

Pakistan, battling internally with its own militant Muslim factions, has also urged the United States to cease hostilities during Ramadan.

"One would hope and wish that this campaign comes to an end before the month of Ramadan and one would hope for restraint during the month of Ramadan because this would certainly have some negative effects in the Muslim world," said Pakistan's president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf.

Hearts and minds

History shows that Muslims have fought both foreign invaders and enemies from within their own faith during Ramadan.

From Sallah eddine al-Ayoubi's defeat of the Crusaders in the 1100s, through to the Syrian-Egyptian armies launching their 1973 liberation war against Israel, many battles have been waged during Ramadan.

In strife-torn Algeria, violence has often intensified during Ramadan when most Muslims renew their faith through fasting and prayer -- the logic of the violent minority using the occasion to prove their faith through violence and murder.

But in an age where diplomacy and public image can determine the allegiance of entire populations, Western forces have shown a reluctance to engage in conflict with Muslim countries during Ramadan to avoid inciting Islamic sensitivities.

As recently as 1998, the West has based military decisions in the Middle East on the timing of Ramadan, which starts about 10 days earlier each year.

In response to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's breach of UN obligations, the United States' and Britain's sensitivity to the holy month of Ramadan prompted it to launch four days of fierce air attacks on Baghdad ahead of the fasting month.

'Insensitive'

If allied forces were to be fighting in Afghanistan during Ramadan, it would only add strength to Osama Bin Laden's claim to be struggling against the imperial forces of "Crusaders and Jews," Rahul Bedi, a military analyst with Jane's Information Group told CNN.

"If the U.S. was to wage war during Ramadan, it could be seen as being completely insensitive to Arabs worldwide," Bedi said.



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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 27/01/2013 00:34

Ramadan begins in Australia

Quick Facts

Many Muslims in Australia welcome Ramadan as period of fasting, self-evaluation and spiritual growth. Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar.

Name

Ramadan begins

Ramadan begins 2013

Tuesday, July 9, 2013

Ramadan begins 2014

Sunday, June 29, 2014
Note: Regional customs or moon sightings may cause a variation of the date for Islamic holidays, which begin at sundown the day before the date specified for the holiday. The Islamic calendar is lunar and the days begin at sunset, so there may be one-day error depending on when the New Moon is first seen.
List of dates for other years

 

Ramadan (also known as Ramadhan or Ramzan) is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. It is a period of prayer, fasting, charity-giving and self-accountability for Muslims in Australia. The first verses of the Koran (Qu'ran) were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (also written as Mohammad or Muhammed) during the last third of Ramadan, making this an especially holy period.

 

Ramadan Food

Fasting occurs during daylight but meals can be eaten when the sun is down during Ramadan. ©iStockphoto.com/burak pekakcan

What do people do?

Many Muslims in Australia fast during the daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. Fasting during Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars (fundamental religious duties) of Islam. It is a time of self-examination and increased religious devotion. It is common to have a pre-fast meal (suhoor) before sunrise and an evening meal (iftar) after sunset during Ramadan. Some groups of people, including the chronically ill, mentally challenged, and the elderly who cannot participate due to health reasons, are exempt from fasting. It is also not allowed to have sexual relations or smoke during the day.

Ramadan is also a time for many Muslims to donate to charity by participating in food drives for the poor, organizing a collection or charity event, and other voluntary activities. They are also encouraged to read the Qur'an often during Ramadan. Some Muslims recite the entire Qur'an by the end of Ramadan through special prayers known as Tarawih, which are held in the mosques every night of the month, during which a section of the Qur'an is recited.

Public life

Many Islamic businesses and organizations may amend opening hours to suit prayer times during Ramadan in Australia. There may also be some congestion around mosques during prayer times, such as in the evenings.

Background

Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar, which consists of 12 months and lasts for about 354 days. The word “Ramadan” is derived from an Arabic word for intense heat, scorched ground and shortness of food and drink. It is considered to be the most holy and blessed month. Fighting is not allowed during this period.

The month of Ramadan traditionally begins with a new moon sighting, marking the start of the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. Many Muslims (except children, the sick and the elderly) abstain from food, drink, and certain other activities during daylight hours in Ramadan. This is considered as the holiest season in the Islamic year and commemorates the time when the Qu’ran (Islamic holy book) is said to have been revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. This occurred on Laylat Al-Qadr, one of the last 10 nights of the month.  Ramadan ends when the first crescent of the new moon is sighted again, marking the new lunar month’s start. Eid-al-Fitr is the Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan.

About Ramadan begins in other countries

Read more about Ramadan begins.

Ramadan begins Observances

Note: Regional customs or moon sightings may cause a variation of the date for Islamic holidays, which begin at sundown the day before the date specified for the holiday. The Islamic calendar is lunar and the days begin at sunset, so there may be one-day error depending on when the New Moon is first seen.

 

WeekdayDateYearNameHoliday typeWhere it is observed
Mon Jul 14 1980 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jul 3 1981 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Jun 23 1982 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Jun 12 1983 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu May 31 1984 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue May 21 1985 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat May 10 1986 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Apr 30 1987 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Apr 18 1988 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Apr 7 1989 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Mar 28 1990 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Mar 17 1991 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Mar 5 1992 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Feb 23 1993 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Feb 12 1994 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Feb 1 1995 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Jan 22 1996 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jan 10 1997 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Dec 31 1997 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Dec 20 1998 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Dec 9 1999 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Nov 28 2000 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Nov 17 2001 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Nov 6 2002 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Oct 27 2003 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Oct 16 2004 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Oct 5 2005 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Sep 24 2006 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Sep 13 2007 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Sep 2 2008 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Aug 22 2009 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Aug 11 2010 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Aug 1 2011 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jul 20 2012 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Jul 9 2013 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Jun 29 2014 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Jun 18 2015 Ramadan begins Muslim

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 13/05/2013 03:42

What do people do?

Ramadan is a month of fasting for many Muslims in the United States. Fasting during Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars (fundamental religious duties) of Islam. It is a time of self-examination and increased religious devotion.

People of Islamic faith are encouraged to read the entire Qur'an during Ramadan. Some Muslims recite the entire Qur'an by the end of Ramadan through special prayers known as Tarawih, which are held in mosques every night of the month, during which a section of the Qur'an is recited.  Ramadan is also a month for acts of charity. Some Islamic centers and organizations actively take part in charity events and activities such as giving basic necessities, including food and clothing, to the homeless or donating school equipment to schools.

Some schools for students of Islamic faith may hold special events to welcome Ramadan. Some school authorities may issue requests on or prior to Ramadan, asking staff members at all schools within a district to help Muslim students perform their fasting ritual.

Public life

Many Islamic businesses and organizations may amend opening hours to suit prayer times during Ramadan in the United States. There may also be some congestion around mosques during prayer times, such as in the evenings.

Background

Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar, which consists of 12 months and lasts for about 354 days. The word “Ramadan” is derived from an Arabic word for intense heat, scorched ground and shortness of food and drink. It is considered to be the most holy and blessed month. Fighting is not allowed during this period.

The month of Ramadan traditionally begins with a new moon sighting, marking the start of the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. Many Muslims (except children, the sick and the elderly) abstain from food, drink, and certain other activities during daylight hours in Ramadan. This is considered as the holiest season in the Islamic year and commemorates the time when the Qu’ran (Islamic holy book) is said to have been revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. This occurred on Laylat Al-Qadr, one of the last 10 nights of the month.  Ramadan ends when the first crescent of the new moon is sighted again, marking the new lunar month’s start. Eid-al-Fitr is the Islamic holiday that marks the end of Ramadan.

About Ramadan begins in other countries

Read more about Ramadan begins.

Ramadan begins Observances

Note: Regional customs or moon sightings may cause a variation of the date for Islamic holidays, which begin at sundown the day before the date specified for the holiday. The Islamic calendar is lunar and the days begin at sunset, so there may be one-day error depending on when the New Moon is first seen.
WeekdayDateYearNameHoliday typeWhere it is observed
Mon Jul 14 1980 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jul 3 1981 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Jun 23 1982 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Jun 12 1983 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu May 31 1984 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue May 21 1985 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat May 10 1986 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Apr 30 1987 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Apr 18 1988 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Apr 7 1989 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Mar 28 1990 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Mar 17 1991 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Mar 5 1992 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Feb 23 1993 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Feb 12 1994 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Feb 1 1995 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Jan 22 1996 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jan 10 1997 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Dec 31 1997 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Dec 20 1998 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Dec 9 1999 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Nov 28 2000 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Nov 17 2001 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Nov 6 2002 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Oct 27 2003 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Oct 16 2004 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Oct 5 2005 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Sep 24 2006 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Sep 13 2007 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Sep 2 2008 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sat Aug 22 2009 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Wed Aug 11 2010 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Mon Aug 1 2011 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Fri Jul 20 2012 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Tue Jul 9 2013 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Sun Jun 29 2014 Ramadan begins Muslim  
Thu Jun 18 2015 Ramadan begins Muslim  

Related holidays

Other holidays in July 2013 in United States

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Other calendars

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De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 23/04/2024 16:43
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