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General: ¿PORQUE LA LIBERTAD POLITICA, RELIGIOSA Y ECONOMICA VIENE DE FRANCIA?
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Statue of Liberty
The height of the Statue of Liberty is 111′-1″ from bottom of foot to top of head. The 7 rays on the crown and the 11 points of the base star echo the proportions of the Great Pyramid’s 7:11 height to base proportion. The superb book Talisman by Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval convincingly shows this goddess is actually the Egyptian Isis.
Image courtesy Elcobbola under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
http://www.viewzone.com/onstott66.html
MONTSEGUR VOLCAN/CAN / TEOTIHUACAN / VATICANO / CANA/ AMERICAN/ MEXICAN/ CAN MAYOR (SIRIO)- BODAS DE CANA
Location
Montségur is in the Ariege, in the foothills of the Pyrenees, not far from Lavelanet, due South from Mirepoix.
Montségur lies at 42°52'35" N, 1°49'51" E on a pog (a volcanic pluton) at an altitude of 1,207 meters. The castle is owned by the Commune of Montségur. There is an entrance fee, which also covers entry to a museum in the nearby town.
Guided Tours
Cathar Castle Tours
Mairie: mairie.montsegur@wanadoo.fr
Tel: 05 61 0110 27
Tourist Information Office:
Tel: 05 61 03 03 03
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aerial view of Montségur
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MARIA MAGDALENA EN EL CATARISMO (CATAROS)
25 DE ABRIL=DIA DE SAN MARCOS
22 DE JULIO=DIA DE MARIA LA MAGDALENA
MASON FRANCES
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ITER IN FRANCE
At the centre of the 180-hectare ITER parcel, is the 42-hectare scientific platform where work is currently underway to build ITER. Photo: ITER Organization/EJF Riche, May 2021
The decision to site the ITER Project in southern France was made by the ITER Members in June 2005. Detailed site studies had shown that the 180-hectare site proposed by Europe fulfilled all the technical requirements to host ITER—geological, hydrological and seismic norms, access to water and electricity—and benefitted, what's more, from a rich scientific and industrial environment. ITER's host and neighbour—the CEA Cadarache research centre—played an instrumental part in supporting site studies and in rallying local political players behind the cause of welcoming ITER to France. As the first six-person ITER team moved in at the end of 2005, CEA Cadarache provided the land, the temporary offices, electrical and hydraulic networks, and critical services such as transportation and access to a canteen and an infirmary. It also set up a specific agency, Agence Iter France, to manage France's in-kind and financial contributions to the ITER Project. In addition to contributing to the ITER Project as a member of the European Union, France has made and honoured a number of specific commitments. France has provided the site for the project and carried out preparatory works including clearing and levelling, fencing, and networks for water and electricity. It created an international school for the families of ITER employees, adapted the roads along the ITER Itinerary for the transport of ITER components and contributed (with the European Domestic Agency) to building the ITER Headquarters. At the end of the ITER experimental phase, France will have the responsibility for the dismantling and decommissioning of the site.
The local governments around ITER have also been strongly implicated in the project from the site negotiations phase. The General Councils from the six départements closest to ITER (Hautes Alpes, Alpes de Haute Provence, Alpes Maritimes, Vaucluse, Var and Bouches du Rhône)—together with the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Regional Council and the Communauté du Pays d'Aix—have contributed a total of EUR 467 million. Actions for ITER in France are coordinated through several administrative bodies. Agence Iter France oversaw the site preparatory works, and it also provides welcome services to ITER employees arriving from abroad and coordinates the transport of exceptional components along the ITER Itinerary. The High Representative for the implementation of ITER in France coordinates the realization of the ITER Project and ensures the representation of France to the ITER Members, the European Domestic Agency for ITER and the ITER Organization. The ITER Industrial Committee seeks to optimize economic consequences for the region by fostering the relationship between ITER and local industry, particularly during the construction and assembly phases of the project. Scientific training toward a career in fusion is promoted through an association of 12 French universities and schools of engineering that now offer a Master's degree in "The Science of Fusion." Today the Regional Prefecture and the Regional Council share the responsibility for the elaboration of a longer-term strategic and economic development plan for the Val de Durance area near ITER, including the question of housing the large influx of workers expected to participate in ITER construction.
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
The entrance to the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur International School in Manosque, France.
For international scientists, engineers and project administrators relocating to the area with their families, France has committed to providing bilingual education from nursery through secondary school. The program is open to ITER families as well as to local children interested in an international curriculum. The Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur International School situated in Manosque began operating out of temporary housing in 2007 for 130 students aged 3 to 18; enrolment is currently at 880 (2021-2022). Of the 31 nationalities represented at the school, slightly over 60 percent of students are from ITER families. The International School offers six language sections, instruction in eleven languages, facilities for 50 boarders. It also offers a European Section.
The 26,000 square-metre International School, designed by award-winning architects Ricciotti and Battesti, produces electricity through solar panels for 100% of its lighting needs.
Work was carried out between 2008 and 2010 on the permanent school buildings. Financed by the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regional Council, the innovative design and environmental sustainability of the school was recognized in November 2010, when the International School was named one of 60 exceptional OECD establishments by the 4th Compendium of Exemplary Educational Facilities of the OECD/CELE" (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/Center for Effective Learning Environments).
https://www.iter.org/org/ITERinFrance |
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ITER
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Coordinates:  43.70831°N 5.77741°E
ITER
Small-scale model of ITER
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| Device type |
Tokamak |
| Location |
Saint-Paul-lès-Durance, France |
| Major radius |
6.2 m (20 ft) |
| Plasma volume |
840 m3 |
| Magnetic field |
11.8 T (peak toroidal field on coil)
5.3 T (toroidal field on axis)
6 T (peak poloidal field on coil) |
| Heating power |
320 MW (electrical input)
50 MW (thermal absorbed) |
| Fusion power |
0 MW (electrical generation)
500 MW (thermal from fusion) |
| Discharge duration |
up to 1000 s |
| Date(s) of construction |
2013–2025 |
ITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, iter meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin[2][3][4]) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy by replicating, on Earth, the fusion processes of the Sun. Upon completion of construction of the main reactor and first plasma, planned for late 2025,[5] it will be the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment and the largest experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France.[6][7] ITER will be the largest of more than 100 fusion reactors built since the 1950s, with ten times the plasma volume of any other tokamak operating today.[8][9]
The long-term goal of fusion research is to generate electricity. ITER's stated purpose is scientific research, and technological demonstration of a large fusion reactor, without electricity generation.[10][8] ITER's goals are to achieve enough fusion to produce 10 times as much thermal output power as thermal power absorbed by the plasma for short time periods; to demonstrate and test technologies that would be needed to operate a fusion power plant including cryogenics, heating, control and diagnostics systems, and remote maintenance; to achieve and learn from a burning plasma; to test tritium breeding; and to demonstrate the safety of a fusion plant.[9][7]
ITER's thermonuclear fusion reactor will use over 300 MW of electrical power to cause the plasma to absorb 50 MW of thermal power, creating 500 MW of heat from fusion for periods of 400 to 600 seconds.[11] This would mean a ten-fold gain of plasma heating power (Q), as measured by heating input to thermal output, or Q ≥ 10.[12] As of 2021, the record for energy production using nuclear fusion is held by the National Ignition Facility reactor, which achieved a Q of 0.70 in August 2021.[13] Beyond just heating the plasma, the total electricity consumed by the reactor and facilities will range from 110 MW up to 620 MW peak for 30-second periods during plasma operation.[14] As a research reactor, the heat energy generated will not be converted to electricity, but simply vented.[7][15][16]
ITER is funded and run by seven member parties: China, the European Union, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the United States. The United Kingdom participates through EU's Fusion for Energy (F4E), Switzerland participates through Euratom and F4E, and the project has cooperation agreements with Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan and Thailand.[17]
Construction of the ITER complex in France started in 2013,[18] and assembly of the tokamak began in 2020.[19] The initial budget was close to €6 billion, but the total price of construction and operations is projected to be from €18 to €22 billion;[20][21] other estimates place the total cost between $45 billion and $65 billion, though these figures are disputed by ITER.[22][23] Regardless of the final cost, ITER has already been described as the most expensive science experiment of all time,[24] the most complicated engineering project in human history,[25] and one of the most ambitious human collaborations since the development of the International Space Station (€100 billion or $150 billion budget) and the Large Hadron Collider (€7.5 billion budget).[note 1][26][27]
ITER's planned successor, the EUROfusion-led DEMO, is expected to be one of the first fusion reactors to produce electricity in an experimental environment.[28]
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Emmanuel Macron
Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (Amiens, 21 de diciembre de 1977) es un político francés, vigesimoquinto presidente de la República Francesa y copríncipe de Andorra desde 2017.1
Exfuncionario público y especialista en inversión bancaria, fue empleado y asociado del banco francés Rothschild & Cie y ejerció posteriormente de asesor económico del presidente de la República François Hollande (2012). En 2014 fue nombrado ministro de Economía, Recuperación Productiva y Asuntos Digitales.2 En abril de 2016 lanzó el movimiento político centrista ¡En Marcha!.3 En agosto siguiente dimitió como ministro de Economía para dedicarse al partido ¡En Marcha!,4 sin descartar convertirse en candidato en las elecciones presidenciales de Francia de 2017 si Hollande desistía. Dejó el cargo siendo el ministro mejor valorado del Gobierno y el político de la izquierda preferido de los franceses. Macron también confirmó en agosto su alejamiento del Partido Socialista francés para liderar un proyecto político de centro,56 aunque en 2015 ya había explicado que había sido militante de dicho partido pero ya no lo era.7
A finales de 2016 anunció su candidatura para las elecciones presidenciales en abril de 2017, cuya primera vuelta ganó con una votación cercana al 24 %. El 14 de mayo del 2017 obtuvo la victoria en la segunda vuelta frente a la candidata de extrema derecha Marine Le Pen, líder del Frente Nacional. Macron se impuso con el 66,1 % de los votos sobre Le Pen, que alcanzó el 33,9 % de los sufragios.8 A los treinta y nueve años de edad, se convirtió en el presidente más joven de la historia francesa, representando así al jefe de Estado francés más joven desde Napoleón Bonaparte y al miembro más joven del G-20 actualmente.91011 Macron fue reelecto en las elecciones presidenciales de 2022 al derrotar una vez más a LePen en una segunda vuelta.
Desde que asumió sus funciones en 2017, su mandato ha estado marcado por momentos de tensión social como la reforma del Código Laboral, la Ley de reforma de la compañía francesa de ferrocarriles, SNCF, el caso Benalla, el movimiento de los chalecos amarillos, siendo este último uno de los más significativos del quinquenio del presidente Macron ya que, a partir de noviembre de 2018, el presidente estuvo en el centro de la protesta que comenzó después de que el ejecutivo anunciara un aumento en los impuestos sobre el precio del combustible el 1 de enero de 2019.12 En respuesta, Macron renunció a aumentar el impuesto y anunció un incremento del salario mínimo (SMIC) de 100 euros por mes en 2019.13
De igual manera, el presidente Macron ha sido el abanderado de las principales propuestas destinadas la refundación de la Unión Europea.14 Es así que el 18 de mayo de 2020, en una rueda de prensa conjunta con la canciller alemana Angela Merkel, ambos mandatarios presentaron un plan para la UE en el marco de la crisis de la pandemia. Las medidas anunciadas relanzaron las expectativas sobre el hipotético momento histórico por el que la organización europea estaría atravesando.15 Macron defiende una «refundación histórica» de Europa. Lo señaló en su discurso de toma de posesión como presidente de Francia.16 Fue también el mensaje lanzado durante su primera visita a Berlín para reunirse con Angela Merkel.17El dirigente incluso publicó una carta titulada “Para un renacimiento europeo” que apareció en marzo de 2019 en 28 periódicos de la UE.18
Por otra parte, Macron considera que Francia debe mantener tropas en el Sahel y que la operación militar debe mantenerse pero pide apoyo a Alemania y a otros países europeos. Su segundo viaje exterior tras asumir la presidencia del país, después de Alemania, fue para visitar las tropas francesas que se encuentran en Malí.19
Emmanuel Macron es hijo de Jean-Michel Macron, médico, profesor de Neurología en la CHU de Amiens y jefe de educación de la facultad de medicina en esta misma ciudad; y Françoise Macron-Noguès, doctora y consejera de la seguridad social francesa. Es el primero de tres hermanos: Emmanuel, Laurent (1979, radiólogo) y Estelle (1982, nefróloga). E. Macron estudió en el colegio de los jesuitas La Providence de Amiens, obteniendo buenas notas y al mismo tiempo cursaba en paralelo, durante al menos seis años, estudios de piano en el Conservatorio de Amiens.20
Acabó el bachillerato en el liceo Henri IV de París. En dicho establecimiento cursó también sus tres primeros años universitarios, en las clases preparatorias a las grandes escuelas de Letras y Ciencias Sociales (1995-1998), sin llegar a entrar en la Escuela Normal Superior.21 Obtuvo el título de Filosofía en la Universidad de París-Nanterre, hizo la tesis sobre Hegel, se graduó en Ciencias Políticas en el Instituto de Estudios Políticos de París (2001) al tiempo que se convirtió en militante del Partido Socialista, a los veinticuatro años.20 Fue el asistente del filósofo Paul Ricoeur mientras redactaba su libro Memoria, historia y olvido.22 Continuó sus estudios y en 2004 salió de la Escuela Nacional de Administración (ENA), donde se forman las élites francesas, como inspector de finanzas.20
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FRANKINCENSE/FATIMA/POPE FRANCIS/FRANCE/DA VINCI CODE/FREEMASONRY
And going into the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. (Matthew 2:11, ESV)
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