Copyright © 2001-2012 by Gary A. David.
Contact: e-mail garydavid52@hotmail.com

In the current development of Western civilization, the popular imagination has seized with a
peculiar ferocity upon the notion of the stargate as a sort of cosmic corridor leading to a whole
new world or a dimension radically different from ours. The cult classics Stargate and Contact as
well as astrophysicists’ theories about wormholes --a household word in the wake of Star Trek
and its ilk-- invest such ideas with an almost mythical potency. This phenomenon is not new but
may instead have accompanied human beings’ first realization of their own individual mortality.
Even if Near Death Experiences may not have been common in our evolutionary history, they
were certainly not unknown either. NDEs could have correlated the long tunnel which takes us to
brilliant white light of the afterlife and the birth canal which brings us into this life. Both may be
considered as forms of stargates-- the soul’s passageway to and from the celestial realm.


The Book of the Dead, an ancient Egyptian manual of resurrection technology, identifies both the falcon and the heron/phoenix as key icons, each of which is apparently associated with aspecific directional portal or doorway in the sky. In Spell 13, the Spell for going in and out of the West (symbolic of the Underworld), the afterlife journeyer states: “I have gone in as a falcon, I have come out as a phoenix...”1 The former bird corresponds to the southern stargate of what may be termed “ex-carnation,” (“..gone in...” to the Underworld), providing a conduit for the soul to leave the body after death. The latter bird corresponds to the northern stargate of incarnation (“...come out...” to the Earth), allowing the soul to return to a new body. The northern stargate is now located between the constellations Gemini and Taurus. Due to precessional shifting, this region of the sky was formerly known as the Gate of Cancer. The southern stargate located at the opposite end of the Milky Way between the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpio was likewise known as the Gate of Capricorn.2 We currently know that this latter region of the sky points to the center of our galaxy, where scientists believe a mysterious black hole lies hidden.

In the Spell for being transformed into a divine falcon, the Messenger addresses Osiris:
“O Lord of the Soul, greatly majestic, see, I have come, the Netherworld has been opened for me,
the roads in the sky and on earth have been opened for me, and there was none who thwarted
me.”3 In the same manner the Spell for being transformed into a heron states: “I am vindicated
on earth, and the terror of me is in the sky -- and vice versa; it is my strength which makes me
victorious to the height of the sky, I am held in respect to the breadth of the sky, my strides are
towards the towns of the Silent Land [the realm of the dead].”4 Spell 17 proclaims: “I am that
great phoenix which is in Heliopolis [in Lower Egypt to the north], the supervisor of what
exists... I go on the road which I know in front of the Island of the Just. What is it? It is Rosetjau
[or Rostau, the Netherworld]. The southern gate is in Naref [the necropolis at Heracleopolis, near
the Faiyum, or the lake and marshy area west of the Nile in Middle Egypt], the northern gate is in
the Mound of Osiris [Heliopolis]; as for the Island of the Just, it is Abydos [Upper Egypt far to
the south].”5

The oasis of the Faiyum was probably the naturalistic origin of the concept of the Field of
Rushes, or Field of Reeds, a sort of Egyptian Elysian Fields. Some of the vignettes for this region
in The Book of the Dead depict the Heron of Plenty perched upon a small pyramid. It is
interesting to note that the hieroglyph of a heron upon a pyramid corresponds to the word bah,
meaning “to flood, to inundate.”6 Also shown is a celestial bark containing a staircase (rather like
half of a stepped pyramid cut vertically), which connotes transcendence. Commenting on
Egyptian funerary literature, the renowned scholar Zecharia Sitchin writes: “The pictorial
depictions which accompanied the hieroglyphic texts surprisingly showed the Stream of Osiris as
meandering its way from an agricultural area, though a chain of mountains, to where the stream
divides into tributaries. There, watched over by the legendary Phoenix birds, the Stairway to
Heaven was situated; there, the Celestial Boat of Ra was depicted as sitting atop a mountain, or
rising heavenward upon streams of fire.”7 In papyrus illustrations of The Field of Rushes we also
find either the falcon or a small, human-headed bird representing the ba (homonym of bah), or
soul, perched atop a pylon, which is a massive rectangular gateway to a temple or hypostyle hall.8
Thus, the pylon is a perfect symbol for the stargate. In addition, the walls of the Field of Rushes
are made of iron, presumably meteoric iron, which further stresses its supernal connotation.9

Egypt is known as the Two Lands: Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt. Following the
Hermetic maxim “As above, so below,” these correspond to the northern and southern stargates
respectively, much like the twin poles of an umbrella base, located along the celestial Nile River,
i.e., the Milky Way. “The Milky Way will not reject me, the rebels will not have power over me,
I shall not be turned away from your portals, the doors shall not be closed against me...”10
In addition, Spell 109 asserts: “I know the northern gate of the sky; its south is in the Lake of
Waterfowl, its north in is the Waters of Geese...”11
In other words, the northern gate’s southern limit is where the heron’s domain begins, which is
probably a reference to the Faiyum, while the northern gate’s northern limit is symbolically
inhabited by geese. The goose is frequently equated with Geb (sometimes written Seb or Keb),
the god of Earth and husband of Nut, who is the personification of the sky. Geb’s chief seat is in
Heliopolis to the north where with his wife he produced the great Egg whence sprang the sun god
in the form of the phoenix.12 “The doors of the sky are opened for me, the doors of the earth are
opened for me, the door-bolts of Geb are opened for me, the shutters of the sky windows are
thrown open for me. It is he who guarded me who releases me, who binds his hand on me and
thrusts his hand on to me on earth, the mouth of the Pelican is thrown open for me, the mouth of
the Pelican is given to me, and I go out into the day to the place where I desire to be.”13
Significantly, the pelican is related to the phoenix in alchemical literature, and both are
associated with the color red. Perhaps it is not coincidence, then, that the Red Crown (Deshret)
comes from Lower Egypt, whereas the White Crown (Hedjet) is from Upper Egypt. The two
lands (i.e., Crowns) were united when King Menes of Hierakonpolis (about forty-five miles
south of Thebes) conquered the Delta circa 3100 B.C.14

As an anthropomorphism of the sky, Geb’s wife Nut is conceptualized as arching face
down over her supine husband, who is sometimes portrayed in an ithyphallic manner. Her fingers
and toes form the horizon, while stars glisten like semen on her dusky belly. Both figures are
positioned in the same direction, though some confusion exists about exactly which direction
they are oriented. Although the couple is sometimes seen with their heads pointing toward the
west, it makes more sense that the torso of Nut would represent the north-south orientation of the
Milky Way/Nile as seen during the pre-dawn and post-dusk periods of the vernal and autumnal
equinoxes. If we accept this positioning, her four outstretched limbs could represent the sunrise
and sunset solstice points on the horizon, while her vagina could signify the northern stargate and
her mouth the southern stargate. In this case, her head would be pointed south (similar to the
Orion Correlation at Giza). Egyptian lore recounts that when the Milky Way hugs the northern
horizon, arching from east to west during the pre-dawn winter solstice, Nut comes down to Earth
to lie with her husband Geb.

In his provocative book Signs In the Sky Adrian Gilbert compares the constellation Orion
with the biblical Jacob and the Milky Way with his ladder (Genesis 28:12).15 Indeed, the Egyptian
“bible” contains similar passages. The psychologist C.G. Jung observes:

“In one of the Pyramid Texts he [viz., Set, brother of Osiris] and Heru-ur (the
‘older Horus’) help Osiris [Orion] to climb up to heaven. The floor of heaven
consists of an iron plate, which in places is so close to the tops of the mountains
that one can climb up to heaven with the help of a ladder. The four corners of the
iron plate rest upon four pillars, corresponding to the four cardinal points. In the
Pyramid Texts of Pepi I, a song of praise is addressed to the ‘ladder of the twin
gods,’ and the Unas text says: ‘Unas cometh forth upon the Ladder which his
father Ra hath made for him, and Horus and Set take the hand of Unas, and they
lead him into the Tuat [or Duat, the Underworld].’”16

This narrative occurred before the two brothers became fierce enemies. Set’s abode was
traditionally in the north 17, so in the context of these “twin gods” we may assume that Horus
belongs to the opposite direction. Continuing the ladder imagery, the Spell for fetching a
ferry-boat in the sky reads in part:

“Hail to you, you plateau which is in the sky north of the Great Waterway
[the Milky Way], for whoever sees it will not die. I stand upon you, I appear as a
god, I have seen you and I will not die. I stand upon you, I appear as a god, I
cackle as a goose [of the north], I fly up as a falcon [of the south] upon the
branches.

“O Dew of the Great One, I cross the earth towards the sky, I stand up as
Shu [god of air, one of the Heliopolitan Ennead], I make sunshine to flourish on
the sides of the ladder which is made to mount up to the Unwearying Stars, far
from decapitation.”18

The heart-rending tone of this pilgrim’s words echoing through the realms of the dead is
readily evident as he/she expresses an ultimate desire for eternal wholeness in bodily form and life everlasting in spirit. Moreover, many passages from The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead emphasize the paramount role of Orion and his northern stargate in achieving this spiritual goal.

In the Spell for opening the mouth, a ceremony in which Horus uses an adze of meteoric iron to
pry open the deceased mouth, thereby allowing the latter to regain his/her faculties in the Nether
World, we find the following proclamation: “...I am Orion the Great who dwells with the Souls
of Heliopolis.”19 Another spell avers: “I am Orion who treads the land, who precedes the stars of
the sky which are on the body of my mother Nut, who conceived me at her desire and bore me at
her will.”20

Still another spell speaks in the voice of the guardian of the northern stargate: “I am the
guardian, I am his [Osiris’s] heir on earth. Prepare a path for me, O you who are at peace; see, I
enter into the Netherworld, I open up the beautiful West, I make firm the staff of Orion...”21 In the
reproductive sense this staff is the phallus of Orion, whose star-seed is packed with nebulae such
as M-42 and M-43. In a more war-like aspect Orion holds this staff in his right hand and points to
locus where the ecliptic crosses the galactic plane of the Milky Way, the location of the
previously mentioned northern stargate.

Orion’s warrior image is artfully conveyed on the reverse side of a shield-shaped palette
depicting King Narmer (or Menes, as previously mentioned) of the south vanquishing his
northern foes. Wearing the White Crown and holding upraised staff in his right hand ready to
strike, he holds his kneeling enemy with his left hand. Behind him is what has been deemed the
“sandal-bearer,” with a star blazing above her in the exact relationship that Sirius is to Orion. In
front of Narmer is a falcon perched on a fan of six papyrus stalks symbolic of Lower Egypt. This
image indicates that the bird of the southern stargate has conquered the quintessential plant of the
north. The bird also holds a rope in his claws that apparently binds the head of another bearded
captive seen in profile (perhaps Phoenician?). At the bottom of the palette is a pair of figures that
on the celestial plane possibly represents Gemini, although the constellation in the sky is seen
above rather than below Orion.22

The spell of the northern gate’s guardian continues: “...I am the mysterious phoenix, I am
one who goes in that I may rest in the Netherworld, and who ascends peacefully to the sky. I am
the Lord of Celestial Expanses, I travel through the lower sky [i.e., over Lower Egypt] in the train
of Re 23; my offerings in the sky are in the Field of Re; my gifts on earth are in the Field of
Rushes.” 24 In this incantatory longing for peace in the afterlife, the earth-sky duality is
obviously a sine qua non of the Egyptian spiritual cosmology.

As sundry passages from ancient Egyptian texts have shown, the heron/phoenix complex
and its associated deities Osiris and Set are associated with the northern stargate of incarnation,
whereas the falcon and Horus are connected with the southern stargate of ex-carnation. Two
contrasting terms clearly illustrate this dichotomy: chronology and horology. Chronos is the lord
of time in its linear procession-- of time tables and stone tablets; i.e., the Masonic square. More
than one source has identified Chronos (the Greek Kronos or the Roman Saturnus) with the
constellation Orion.25 On the other hand, horology is the measuring of time in its cyclical sense--
the passing of the “hours,” from which both the word “horology” and “Horus” derive; i.e., the
Masonic compass. A “horo-scope” allows one to view the wheel of the zodiac, the group of
twelve archetypal constellations spinning through the solar year, as it affects the individual. On a
much larger scale it permits us to see the influence of the precessional year (equaling 25,920
solar years) as it impacts the rise and fall of civilizations. (e.g., the Age of Taurus, the Age of
Aries, the Age of Pisces, the Age of Aquarius, etc.) Horology has a deeper meaning, however.
According to Jung, “Horos (boundary) is a ‘power’ or numen identical with Christ, or at least
proceeding from him.” Its synonyms are “he who leads across,” “emancipator,” and “redeemer.”26

The Egyptians conceptualized the phoenix --a.k.a. the Bennu bird of the northern
stargate-- as “the patron of reckoning time” and “the soul of Osiris.”27 In essence, he was an agent
of purification by fire in the Netherworld, allowing souls to be reborn on the Earth plane.
Conversely, Horus was perceived as the falcon god who ushered them through the southern
stargate, out of this temporal world and into eternity. Hence, the dual stargates of immanence and
transcendence served as ports along the great sidereal river whereon all souls sail.

 

http://www.theorionzone.com/egyptian_stargates.htm

¿PORQUE EL "OJO DE GATO" TIENE FORMA DE OJO DE REPTIL?

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Respuesta Ocultar Mensaje Eliminar Mensaje  Mensaje 4 de 6 en el tema

De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 04/07/2014 13:20 NUNCA LO HABIA OBSERVADO CHE.

Respuesta Ocultar Mensaje Eliminar Mensaje  Mensaje 6 de 6 en el tema

De: BARILOCHENSE6999 Enviado: 04/07/2014 13:33 EL NEXO DEL "OJO DE GATO" ES UNA REFERENCIA A LA SERPIENTE (REPTIL), OSEA LA MISMA CONSTELACION DEL DRACO (TIENE LA FORMA DE LA LETRA S)   Serpentes De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre   Saltar a: navegación, búsqueda Para el signo del horóscopo chino, véase Signo de la Serpiente. Para los municipios español y cubano, véase La Sierpe. «Culebra» redirige aquí. Para otras acepciones, véase Culebra (desambiguación).   Serpientes Rango temporal: 125 Ma-0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N         Cretácico - Presente Clasificación científica Reino: Animalia Filo: Chordata Subfilo: Vertebrata Clase: Sauropsida Subclase: Diapsida Superorden: Lepidosauria Orden: Squamata Suborden: Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758 Distribución Infraórdenes y familias Alethinophidia Scolecophidia Las serpientes (Serpentes) u ofidios (Ophidia) son un suborden de saurópsidos (reptiles) diápsidos pertenecientes al orden Squamata, superorden de los Lepidosaurios, caracterizado por la ausencia de patas (la pitón mantiene diminutas extremidades fruto de su proceso evolutivo)[1] y el cuerpo muy alargado. Se originaron en el período Cretácico. Las serpientes se caracterizan por la ausencia de extremidades y cuerpo alargado. Algunas poseen mordeduras venenosas, como las cobras y las víboras, que utilizan para matar a sus presas antes de ingerirlas. Otras serpientes, como las boas y pitones, matan a sus presas por constricción. Se reconocen más de 450 géneros y de 3460 especies.[2] [3] Evidentemente, las serpientes derivan de algún tipo de lagarto, pero los detalles concretos de su origen no están claros.[4]     Características[editar] Anatomía de una serpiente. 1 esófago, 2 tráquea, 3 pulmones traqueales, 4 pulmón izquierdo rudimentario, 5 pulmón derecho, 6 corazón, 7 hígado, 8 estómago, 9 saco de aire, 10 vesícula biliar, 11 páncreas, 12 bazo, 13 intestino, 14 testículos, 15 riñones. Piel[editar] La piel de la serpiente está recubierta por escamas. La mayoría de las serpientes utilizan escamas de la parte ventral para desplazarse, aferrándose con ellas a las superficies. Sus párpados se encuentran permanentemente cerrados, pero son en realidad escamas transparentes. Las serpientes cambian de piel periódicamente. A diferencia de otros reptiles, el cambio de piel es realizado en una pieza, como si tirara de una media. Esto se hace a medida que el animal crece y además para reparar heridas y librarse de parásitos externos. La renovación periódica ha convertido a la serpiente en un símbolo de salud y medicina, como se muestra en la vara de Esculapio Desplazamiento[editar] La locomoción se realiza mediante ondulaciones laterales del cuerpo; las escamas ventrales ensanchadas de muchas serpientes impiden el deslizamiento en dirección contraria a la marcha. Algunas serpientes, como ciertas boas y las víboras pueden desplazarse también mediante movimientos musculares de las escamas ventrales con su cuerpo extendido casi en línea recta. Esqueleto[editar] El esqueleto tiene muchas vértebras, 200 en las víboras y 400 en las pitones. El cráneo está muy modificado respecto al modelo básico diápsido. Los huesos de la mandíbula superior están débilmente unidos al resto del cráneo y el cuadrado puede moverse libremente y posee potentes músculos refractores, lo que permite una enorme abertura de las mandíbulas y la deglución de grandes presas enteras. Los dientes son agudos y curvados hacia atrás y se implantan tanto en el paladar como en el maxilar y el dentario. Las boas y las pitones poseen rudimentos de las extremidades posteriores y de sus cinturas; en estas serpientes pueden verse unas garras en la parte externa y a cada lado de la cloaca que desempeñan un cierto papel en el coito. Dentadura[editar] Existen varios tipos de dientes, según el hueso sobre el que se implanten: maxilares, pterigoideos, palatinos, dentarios y premaxilares. Los dientes maxilares son los más variados y los únicos que pueden estar asociados a glándulas venenosas; se pueden distinguir cuatro tipos principales:

Primera Parte — CREACIÓN vrs. EVOLUCIÓN:El Café y la Especie Humana Comparten la Misma Cuna/Coffee and the Human Species Share the Same Cradle

HECHOS, MITOS Y LEYENDAS

Textos en Español and “English On The Run” (EOTR)

 By PAYÍN IMENDIA.

Fotos: Archivo personal. Imágenes adicionales: Internet

NOTA: Puede utilizar partes de éste escrito para propósitos educativos y para la promoción de la Cultura del Café. Le rogamos citar la fuente y el autor. Gracias. 

NOTE: You may use parts of this article for educational purposes or for the promotion of Coffee Culture. We appreciate to cite the source and author. Thanks.

 

CREATION VRS. EVOLUTION: Coffee and the Human Species Share the Same Cradle

FACTS. MYTHS AND LEGENDS.

Written in Spanish and in “English On The Run” (EOTR)

by PAYÍN IMENDIA

Pictures: Personal files. Aditional Images: Internet

Payín Imendia, your guide for this Coffee and History Tour

Hoy les quiero invitar a un viaje a lo profundo de la historia del Café, pero más específicamente a explorar una faceta del aromático que a mí me ha llenado de fascinación desde que comencé a conocer sus orígenes y descubrir que ese grano extraordinario no es solo acompañante del hombre en cada taza, cada mañana, sino que vienen juntos desde los albores de la humanidad.

El Tour de cuatro días es en realidad una narración algo larga, apoyada con mapas, fotos e ilustraciones, por eso lo he dividido en CUATRO PARTES. Las pueden ir leyendo a su propio tiempo, con un cafecito en la mano, que les acaricie el paladar y los sentidos…Cierren sus ojos, abran la imaginación y… ¡Vámonos!

ITINERARIO DEL TOUR

(Día 1) I Parte

1) El Café se Mezcla con la Controversia.
2) Las Cosmogonías del Mundo: Todas Comparten un Origen.
3) Cristóbal Colón Descubrió América por andar Buscando el Jardín del Edén.

(Día 2) II Parte

1) ¿Ha Descubierto la Tecnología el Verdadero Sitio del Jardín del Edén?
2) La Creación del Hombre y el Diluvio de los Maya.
3) El Salvador:La Hecatombe que Cambió el Destino de los Maya e Impulsó al Mundo al Oscurantismo.

(Día 3) III Parte

1) Algunas Inconsistencias en la Biblia Generan Mitos Universales.
2) La Biblia Judía se escribió Mil Años Antes de Cristo, el Génesis Sumerio se escribió Mil Años Antes de la Biblia.

(Día 4) IV Parte

1) El Café surgió en la “Etiopía” del Génesis.
2) ¿Fue el Café el Fruto Prohibido del Conocimiento?
3) La Mayor Diversidad Genética Humana y del Café en una sola Región del Mundo.
4) Cuatro Evas en la Historia.

Variedad Gesha Cerro Azul, Colombia:El color, la dulzura y los efectos eufóricos en la mente y los sentidos que produce el Café podrían muy bien convertirlo en el mítico “Fruto Prohibido” del Génesis. The color, sweetness and the euphoric effects on mind and senses that coffee produces could very well make it the “Forbidden Fruit” of the Genesis

Vivió hace 1.4 a 2.3 millones de años. Fue el primero del género “Homo” que desarrolló la habilidad de empuñar herramientas con sus manos y con esto dio un salto evolutivo hacia el Homo Sapiens. He was the first of the genus “Homo” that developed the hability to grip tools , thus taking a evolutionary leap towards the Homo Sapiens.

(EOTR):
Today I´d like to invite you to a tour, deep into to the history of Coffee, but moreover to inspect and angle of the aromatic that has filled me with fascination since I started exploring its origins and discovered that such an extraordinary bean is not just a man´s chaperon in each cup, every morning, but rather they come together since the dawn of human kind.

The four-day tour it´s actually a long narrative, supported by maps, illustrations and pictures, hence, I have divided it in FOUR PARTS. You can go on reading them at your own pace, along with a good cup of coffee in your hand that caresses your taste and senses. Close your eyes, open your imagination and…All aboard!

TOUR´S ITINERARY

(Day 1) Part I

1) Coffee blends with Controversy.
2) The Cosmogonies of the World: All Share One Origin.
3) In His Search for the Eden, Christopher Columbus Discovered America.

(Day 2) Part II

1) Has Technology Pin-pointed the Actual Site of the Garden of Eden?
2) The Creation of Man and the Deluge According to the Maya
3) El Salvador: The Hecatomb that Changed the Fate of the Maya and Ushered the World into the Dark Ages

(Day 3) Part III

1) Some of the Bible´s Inconsistencies Breed Universal Myths
2) The Hebrew Bible was Written One Thousand Years Before Christ, and the Sumerian Genesis was Written One Thousand Years Before the Hebrew Bible.

(Day 4) Part IV

1) Coffee cropped up in the “Ethiopia” of Genesis
2) Was Coffee the Forbbiden Fruit of Knowdlege?
3) The greatest Human and Coffee Genetic Diversity in one región of the world solely.
4) Four Eves in History.

La visión tradicional del Jardín del Edén es muy tropical, la famosa manzana del fruto prohibido no existía en latitudes tropicales, ya que se originó en las tierras templadas de Asia Central. Sin embargo el nombre científico de la manzana es “Malus domestica” que significa “El Malo –o diablo– doméstico”. A traditional vision of the Garden of Eden is very tropical. The famous apple of the Forbbiden Fruit could not exist here in these latitudes since it was originated in the more temperate lands of Central Asia. Nevertheless, the scientific name of the apple is “Malus domestica” which means “The domestic Bad-evil”

Foto de Francesco Illy, en la Finca La Tacita, Guatemala. El Paraíso Tropical del Bosque Cafetero de Sombra. A Shade Grown Coffee Tropical Paradise…

I PARTE

1) EL CAFÉ SE MEZCLA CON LA CONTROVERSIA

Para comenzar hay que resaltar que el origen del hombre y el café no solo se ubican en la misma y extraordinaria región en el mundo; si no también comparten una controversia que lleva siglos: La Teoría Creacionista vrs. la Teoría Evolucionista.

Según la Biblia, el hombre fue CREADO por Dios Jehová y puesto en el Jardín del Edén para que disfrutara de todos sus frutos, del Árbol de la Vida, del Árbol del Conocimiento y de la Fuente de la Eterna Juventud. Pero según los científicos el hombre EVOLUCIONÓ de los Primates, y las pruebas de esto se han encontrado en un antiquísimo y ahora árido sitio: el Lago Turkana. Interesantemente, ambas versiones están íntimamente relacionadas con las tierras altas de Etiopía, la Cuna del Café.

1) COFFEE BLENDS WITH CONTROVERSY.

EOTR: To begin with we must underline that the origins of coffee and man are not only placed in the same extraordinary spot in the world, but they also share a controversy several centuries long: The Creationist Theory vrs. The Evolutionist Theory.
According to the Bible man was CREATED by Jehova God and placed in the Garden o Eden so he could enjoy all of its fruits, from the Tree of Life, the Tree of Knowledge and the Fountain of Eternal Youth. But according to scientists man EVOLUTIONED from the Primates, and the proofs of this have been found in a very ancient and now semi-arid site:the Turkana Lake. Interestingly enough both versions are closely related with the High Lands of Ethiopia, the Cradle of Coffee.

El Gran Valle del Rift tiene 7,000 kms de largo y va desde el Norte de Siria,bajando por el Valle del Río Jordán, continuando por el Mar Rojo, pasando a un lado de las Tierras Altas de Etiopía hasta llegar a Nairobi, en Kenya. Este es el escenario de las teorías de la CREACIÓN vrs. la EVOLUCIÓN. The Great Rift Valley, the great escenario for the CREATION vrs. the EVOLUTION theories. is 7,000 Kms. long and goes from North of Syria down through the Jordan River Valley, continuing through the Red Sea, passing at the foothills of the Ethiopia High Lands and on to to Nairobi in Kenya.

¿Qué dice la Biblia sobre el Paraíso?:

“10.Y salía del Edén un río para regar el huerto y de ahí se repartía en cuatro brazos…

11. El nombre de uno era Pisón; éste es el que rodea toda la tierra de Havila, donde hay oro..

12. y el oro de aquella tierra es bueno: hay allí también Bedelio y Ónice

13. El nombre del segundo río es Gihón; éste rodea toda la tierra de CUS…

14. Y el nombre del tercer río es Hidakel; éste es el que va al Oriente de Asiria. Y el cuarto río es el Éufrates”

– GENESIS 2 Versículos 10-14

Según este mapa basado en el Génesis, el Río Gihon, nacería en las Tierras Altas de Etiopía. In this map of the Garden of Eden, the Gihon River waterheads would be in Ethiopia High Lands

(EOTR): What does the Bible say about Paradise?:

10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.

11 The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;

12 And the gold of that land is good: there is bdellium and the onyx stone.

13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Cush.

14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

–GENESIS 2, Verses 10-14

“La tierra de Cus”, que menciona la Biblia viene de la palabra hebrea, “cush o kush”, que sirve para designar a las personas de piel negra, y se refiere a un lugar que en ese tiempo le llamaban “Ethiopía”.

Curiosamente, en Panamá y ciertas áreas del Caribe al cabello muy ensortijado como el de la raza negra le llaman en la actualidad, “cabello cuscús”.

Aquí, el Río Gihon rodea a Etiopía. The Gihon River encompasses the whole land of Ethiopia.

(EOTR): “The Land of Cush” mentioned in the Bible comes from the hebrew Word, “cush or kush” that is to designate dark skin people and refers to a place then called “Ethiopia”.
Curiously, nowadays in Panamá and in certain areas of the Caribbean, to the very curly type of hair they call it “cuscús hair”

Pero el “Cus” de la Biblia también se refiere a un nieto de Noé, hijo de Cam.
Según el relato bíblico, cuando el Arca se hubo asentado al terminar el Diluvio, Noé se convirtió en el primer borracho de la historia, tras beber abundante vino de las primeras parras que sembraron en tierra seca.

De sus hijos Sem, Cam y Jafet; el menor, Cam, se burló de su padre Noé al verlo desnudo de la borrachera que tenía y éste lo maldijo y lo desterró. A la vez bendijo a Sem, el hijo primogénito.

De Sem iba a salir la descendencia de los Hebreos, por eso llamados “Semitas”, de piel blanca que incluyeron a los Judíos, Árabes, Acadios y Fenicios. Cam se fue a vivir al África y según algunas versiones, sus descendientes serían los Camitas y los Cusitas –de Cush–, las razas negras del Noreste de África.

Las descendencias de los hijos de Noé –Sem y Cam–en el Medio Oriente y África. The Noah´s sons offspring in the Middle East and Africa.

Una versión controversial del origen de las razas blancas, negras y cobrizas. A controversial version of the white, black and red races origin.

(EOTR): But the “Cush” of the Bible also refers to a Noah´s grandson, a son of Ham.

According to the biblical account when the Ark had settled on solid ground once the Deluge was over, Noah became the first drunkard in history after gobbling up plenty of wine from one of the first vines they planted on dry land.

Noah had such a binge that he ended up naked and Ham, the youngest son made fun of him. The other sons, Shem and Japhet kept their respect and helped their father. So Noah cursed Ham and his son, Canaan, and banished him. In turned he blessed Shem.

From Shem would descend the Semitic people, of fair skin which included the Jews, Arabs, Akkadians, and Phoenicians. Ham went on to Africa to settle and his descendents would be de Hamitic and Cushites –from Cush– the black races of Northeast Africa.

En este tema de las razas negras descendientes de Ham que se esparcieron por Africa y las blancas, descendientes de Sem, que se esparcieron por el Oriente Medio, y probablemente a Europa, hay que tomar en cuenta un pigmento que todos tenemos en nuestra piel, la Melanina, que protege de la radiación ultravioleta solar.

Una teoría muy aceptada es que las primeras migraciones del hombre desde África hacia latitudes con menos radiación solar, fueron perdiendo esa pigmentación para adaptarse a nuevos niveles de rayos ultravioletas del sol.

En este mapa se puede observar el efecto de la radiación solar en las distintas regiones. Enrtre más radiación más Melanina y más oscura la piel. The more solar radiation the more Melanin and the darker the skin.

But to this argument of the black races coming from Ham that spread to Africa and the white ones coming from Shem that spread to the Near East and probably to Europe, we must take into account a pigment that all of us have in our skin, Melanin, that protect us from the sun ultraviolet radiation. One sound theory is that as men migrated from Africa to other latitudes with less solar radiation they were producing les Melanin to adapt to new levels of ultraviolet rays.

2) LAS COSMOGONIAS DEL MUNDO: TODAS COMPARTEN UN ORIGEN.

Noé engendró a Cam, y éste engendró a Cus, y Cus engendró a Nimrod, “El Cazador”.

La Biblia lo describe así en el Génesis 10:8-9:

“Y Cus engendró a Nimrod, que llegó a ser el primer poderoso en la tierra. Este fue vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová; por lo cual se dice Así como Nimrod, vigoroso cazador delante de Jehová”.

Y Nimrod fue el monarca mítico, fundador de Nínive, y se convirtió en sinónimo de la tierra de Asiria y Mesopotamia.

En la gran mayoría de culturas antiguas, se ha adorado la figura del cazador y se ha relacionado con la Constelación de Orión, a la que los griegos le pusieron “El Cazador”.
Hasta la Royal Navy de los ingleses bautizó como “Nimrod” a un avión diseñado especialmente para cazar submarinos.

Ésta figura de “El Cazador” también establece una fascinante conexión entre la Biblia y el Popol Vuh, llamado “La Biblia Maya” por ser el relato sagrado de la cosmogonía Maya- Quiché. En ésta relación pre-Colombina, el gran dios creador era Bolon Yokte también llamado Jurakán (de donde se origina el nombre de los ciclones en el Caribe), que a su vez, había sido creado por dos progenitores cósmicos Maya: Tepeu y Gucumatz.

El Popol-Vuh, ha sido llamado “La Biblia Maya”. The sacred book of the Maya, has been called “The Maya Bible”

El Cinturón de Orion está formado por tres estrellas, Alnitak, Alnilam y Mintaka, llamadas “Las Tres Marías. Las tres Pirámides de Egipto están construidas exactamente en su misma posición. Abajo de la Estrella Alnilam existe una nebulosa llamada “El Horno Estelar” porque allí nacen las estrellas de la Vía Láctea. The Orion´s Belt is formed by three stars, Almitak Alnilam and Mintaka, known as “The Three Marys”. The three Egypt Pyramids are built exactly in their same position in space. Below the Alnilam star there is a nebulous called “The Star Furnace” since all the stars in the Milky Way are born there.

(EOTR): 2) THE COSMOGONIES OF THE WORLD: ALL SHARE ONE ORIGIN.

Noha begat Ham and Ham begat Cush and Cush begat Nimrod, “The Hunter”.

The Bible describes this in Genesis 10:8-9:

“And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD.” And Nimrod was the mythical monarch founder of Nineveh, and became a synonymous of Assyria and Mesopotamia.

In most ancient cultures the figure of the hunter has been worshipped and has been related to the Orion Constellation, the one the Greeks baptized as “The Hunter”.Even today: the British Royal Navy baptized its submarine hunter airplane as “Nimrod”.

This figure of “The Hunter” also establishes a fascinating connection between the Bible and the Popol-Vuh, called “The Mayan Bible” –because it´s the sacred cosmogonic narration of the Maya-Quiché people.

In this pre-Columbian tale the almighty god, Bolon Yokte, also called “Jurakán” (from where the name “hurricane” is originated) was in turn created by two cosmic Mayan progenitors: Tepeu and Gucumatz.

La única referencia que los Maya dejaron registrada sobre el 21 de Diciembre del 2012, fue que en esa fecha, iba a retornar Bolón Yokte, el dios de la Destrucción, la Creación y la Resurrección. (Nótese que en una mano lleva un pato descabezado y con la otra siembra máiz) Nada del fin del mundo, solo una convergencia fantástica de energías cósmicas–The only verifiable fact the Maya left registered to happen on December 21, 2012, was the return of Bolon Yokte, de god of Destruction, Creation and Resurrection. (Note that he´s carrying a beheaded duck in one hand and with the other is planting corn). Nothing about the end of the world, only a fantastic convergence of cosmic energies.

“Tepeu” representaba a la constelación que los griegos bautizaron como “Orión”, y era un dios cazador gigante. Y “Gucumatz”, era ni más ni menos que “La Serpiente Emplumada”, el excelso dios pre-colombino, el “Quetzalcoatl” de los Azteca, que para los Olmeca –la cultura previa a los Maya– era “Tamoanchán”, de “tamoa”, serpiente y “chan”, gavilán. Importante ponerle atención a éste dios Serpiente, “Gucumatza/Quetzalcoatl/Tamoanchán” pues la serpiente, antes de la Biblia no era el demonio, si no lo contrario, era “Tiamat”, la deidad femenina creadora, todopoderosa, de los Sumerios.

Fíjense hasta dónde anda metido el cafecito que tanto nos encanta cada día, solo porque se supone que se originó en el Jardín del Eden.

Tepeu y Gucumatz, junto con Bolon Yokte (Jurakan/ Kukulcán), forman una especie de Santísima Trinidad Creadora, pues son tres dioses distintos y una sola Deidad. Tepeu and Gucumatz along with Bolon Yakte (Jurakan/Kukulcán), form some sort of Creating “Holly Trinity” since they are three different gods in one whole Deity.

El Génesis Sumerio fue escrito 1,000 años antes que el Génesis de la Biblia. En el Sumerio, el dios creador era una serpiente; en el Hebreo, era dios a cuya semejanza fuimos creados. Tiamat, La Serpiente Creadora de los Sumerios, era el demonio en el Génesis Hebreo./ The Sumerian Genesis was written 1,000 years before the Bible. I the Sumerian, the creator god, Tiamat, was a serpent, in the Hebrew Bible, the serpent was the demon.

El dios creador de los Olmecas, Mayas, Toltecas y Aztecas era ” La Serpiente Emplumada”, que en esta antigua representación le sopla vida al hombre para crearlo. Dos dioses/serpientes de dos culturas separadas por miles de kilómetros de distancia, cientos de años de desarrollo y de tan diversos entornos.
The god creator of the Olmec, Maya, Toltec and Aztec was “The Plumed Serpent”. Here, breathes life into man and creates him. Two serpent-gods from two cultures separated by thousands kilometers of distance, hundreds of years of deveolpment and quite diverse environments.

(EOTR) Tepeu represented the constellation that Greeks baptized as “Orion”, and was a giant hunting god. And Gucumatz was none other than the “Plumed Serpent”, the exalted pre-Columbian god: the “Quetzalcoatl” of the Aztecs; the “Tamoanchán” –from “tamoa”, serpent and “chán”, sparrow hawk–for the Olmecs, the culture that flourished before the Maya. It is very crucial to pay attention to this serpent god “Gucumatz/Quetazlcoatl/Tamoanchán”, for it was also a serpent the goddess that created the world according to the Sumerian, long before the Bible account.

Take note how entangled in history is the good old little coffee we enjoy so much every day, only because it was originated in the alleged Garden of Eden.

3) CRISTOBAL COLÓN DESCUBRIÓ AMÉRICA POR ANDAR BUSCANDO EL JARDÍN DEL EDÉN

Por siglos, la humanidad ha buscado el lugar en donde estuvo localizado ese jardín en el cual Jehová creó al hombre. Algunos lo ubican en lugares míticos como la Atlántida y Lemuria; otros en la India, en la China, en Irán, o Turquía; y otros, lo han llegado a ubicar hasta en Venezuela –como Cristóbal Colón–, o incluso en Jackson County, en Missouri, USA, de acuerdo a un grupo mormón.

Notable es la “historia detrás de la historia”, de don Cristóbal Colón, que ha quedado registrado en la Historia como el intrépido navegante que descubrió América… ¡por accidente!

El navegante genovés, era un hombre de dos épocas: del Oscurantismo y la Iluminación. Supersticioso pero con espiritu científico. Su testarudez, genialidad y ardor católico le llevaron a realizar una hazaña que cambió al mundo./ The genoan seafarer was a man of two seasons: from the Dark Ages and the Enlghtment. He was superstitious yet displayed a scientific spirit, His obtination, geniality and catholic ardor ushered him to accomplish the greatest feat that changed the world

3) IN HIS SEARCH FOR THE GARDEN OF EDEN, CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS DISCOVERED AMERICA.

(EOTR) For eons humanity had been looking for the place where the Garden of Eden was located and where Jehova created man.Some have located it in mythical places like Lemuria and the Atlantis, others in India, China, Iran or Turkey, and some others, like Christopher Columbus, allegedly found it in Venezuela, and even a Mormon group maintains that the Garden of Eden was in Jackson County, Missouri, USA.

Noteworthy, is “the story behind the story”, of don Cristóbal Colón, the man that entered History as the fearless seafarer that discovered America…by accident!

El Gran Almirante alegaba estar buscando un paso alternativo para llegar a la riqueza de las Islas de la Especiería, desde donde le llegaba a Europa –a través de la legendaria “Ruta de la Especiería”–, la pimienta, la nuez moscada, el clavo y otras especies que en ese tiempo, habían llegado a ser más caras que el oro, como la ahora modesta y común, Pimienta.

Durante siglos, las preciadas especies que utilizaban los europeos para sazonar y conservar las carnes y aves durante sus largos inviernos, venían desde la China y las Islas Molucas. Luego en la India, la ruta se dividía en dos; una remontaba el Golfo Pérsico y continuaba a lomo de camello hasta el Mediterráneo, y la otra surcaba el Mar Rojo. Del Mediterráneo,mercaderes genoveses y venecianos las transportaban y vendían en el resto de Europa / For centuries the precious spices the europeans used to season and preserve meats and poultry during their long winters came from China and the Molucca Islands, then in India they divided up in two: one route continued sailing up the Persian Gulf and then on camelback until they reach the Mediterranean Sea; the other route crossed the Red Sea to the Mediterranean and then genoan and venetian merchants would transport and sell them throughout Europe.

The Great Admiral alleged to be in search of an alternative pass to the Spice Islands, from where the pepper, nutmeg, cloves and other spices would travel to Europe through the legendary “Spice Route”. At that time these goods had become more expensive than gold, like was the case with the nowadays commoner and modest, pepper.

La razón de este colosal encarecimiento se debía a que en 1554, los Turcos capturan Constantinopla, establecen el Imperio Otomano y cortan de tajo, la milenaria Ruta de la Especiería. Entonces, Europa toda, se lanza en busca de una ruta alterna dando la vuelta por la punta de África, y de allí navegando hacia el Este, a las Islas Molucas, en lo que ahora es Indonesia, en las Islas Orientales.

En 1453 los Turcos capturan Constantinopla, establecen el Imperio Otomano que corta el paso por el Golfo Pérsico y el Mar Rojo, y las especies adquieren precios exorbitantes / In 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople, established the Ottoman Empire that cut the pass by the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. The spices price skyrocketed.

La nueva Ruta a la Especiería rodeando la punta de África la establece el navegante explorador portugués, Vasco da Gama en 1498. The new Spice Route sailing around the tip of Africa was set by the portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, in 1498.

Finalmente, el explorador portugués, Vasco da Gama es el primero que logra llegar por mar hasta el puerto de Calicut, en la India, en 1498: seis años después de que Colón hubiese puesto pie en América.

Finally, the Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama is the first to reach by sea the port of Calicut, in India, in 1498: six years after Christopher Columbus set foot in America.

Pero, Colón sostenía que la tierra era redonda y que navegando hacia el Oeste, al lado contrario –hacia la isla en dónde San Borondón (Saint Brandon), según una leyenda de moda, había encontrado el Paraíso–, se podía llegar a las Indias Orientales. Ésta fue la idea que les vendió a los Reyes Católicos del Reino de Aragón y Castilla, utilizando un mapa de Henricus Martellus, dibujado en 1490. La reina empeñó hasta su último anillo para financiar tal fantástica odisea.

Con este mapa de Martellus, Colón convenció a los Reyes Católicos que la tierra era redonda y se podía llegar a las Indias Orientales navegando al lado contrario. With this Martellus Map, Columbus convinced the Catholic King and Queen that the earth was round and you could get to the East Indies sailing due West.

(EOTR): But Columbus sustained that the earth was round and that if you´d sail due West, to the opposite direction of the East –towards the isle where Saint Brandon, according to one popular legend had found the Paradise—you could reach the East Indies from behind. This was the idea he sold to the Catholic King and Queen of Aragon and Castille, using a map drawn by Henricus Martellus in 1490. Queen Isabella pawned her jewels to the last ring in order to foot the bill for such fantastic odyssey.

Cristóbal Colón había leído sobre el Jardín del Edén en el Libro del Génesis; se había fascinado con las narraciones de Marco Polo, y se había interesado mucho en la leyenda de San Borondón, quien supuestamente había encontrado el Edén en una isla ubicada al Oeste del África del Norte, o sea, en dirección hacia donde el Continente Americano esperaba para ser descubierto.

Pero una lectura que le influyó más que todas, fue la narración del Monje Barino, “Navigatio Sancti Brendan Abbatis” en la que describía cómo era el Paraíso en el Atlántico, al que se le conocía en ese tiempo como el “Mare Tenebrosum”, el “Mar de las Tinieblas”, lleno de monstruos y criaturas diabólicas, en donde San Borondón se paseaba cabalgando una ballena:

“..Una isla llena de montañas de exuberantes bosques, en donde jamás se pone el sol y siempre es de día, la flora abundante, los árboles cargados de frutos, los ríos fluían con frescas aguas y los pájaros trinaban dulcemente en los árboles.”

Según la leyenda, San Borondón navegaba sobre una ballena en el “Mare Tenebrosum,” como le decían al Atlántico, en el que habían sirenas encantadoras, monstruos marinos, aguas hirvientes al lado de aguas congeladas y al final se llegaba al borde de la tierra y se caía a un abismo sin fín / According to the legend Saint Brandon rode a whale in the “Mare Tenebrosum” as they called the Atlantic Ocean and that was full of enchanting mermaids, sea monsters, boiling waters next to freezing ones, and finally you woul fall in to oblivion at the edge of the Earth.

(EOTR): Christopher Columbus had read about the Garden of Eden in the Book of Genesis, he had been fascinated with the Marco Polo narrations, and had became quite interested in the legend of Saint Brandon that according to that tale, had allegedly found the Garden of Eden on an island located West of North Africa; in the general direction where America laid waiting to be discovered.

However, there was a reading that influenced Columbus the most of all, and it was the relation of the Monk Barino called, “Navigatio Sancti Brendan Abbatis”, where he described how was the Paradise, and how it was situated on the Atlantic Ocean, known as the “Mare Tenebrosum” or the ”Sea of Darkness” in the Middle Ages: a treacherous place, with both freezing and boiling waters, full of monsters and evil creatures, and Saint Brandon riding a whale.

“An island covered with luxuriant forests where the sun never rises or sets and is always daytime, plentiful flora, fruit-laden trees, the rivers flowing with fresh waters and the birds sweetly warbling on the trees”

Colón se apoyó en los mapas de un cartógrafo florentino, Toscanelli para establecer el rumbo hacia las Indias Orientales. Allí se ubica la Isla de San Borondón/Columbus supported his sailing course based on the maps of a florentine cartographer, Toscanelli. Note that he had placed the Saint Brandon´s Isle on it.

Este mapa de Toscanelli, del Oceáno Atlántico fue el principal utilizado por Colón. Está superpuesto al Continente Americano, que en ese momento no se sabía que existía. / This Toscanelli Map was the main one used by Columbus. It is superseeded on the American Continent that at that moment nobody knew existed.

Don Cristóbal estaba tan influido por esa leyenda, que la mítica ubicación de la isla aparece incluso, en los “Mapas de Cristóbal Colón”. Entonces, a pesar de que había logrado convencer a los Reyes Católicos de que se podía llegar a las indias orientales por mar, navegando hacia el Oeste para llegar a las fabulosas riquezas de lasIslas de la Especiería; en sus cartas refleja otra cosa: su obsesión por encontrar el Edén, en algún lugar cerca de China.

En uno de sus Mapas Colón ubicó el sitio legendario del Jardín del Edén, en la Isla de San Borondón. / In one of Columbus Maps, he placed the Garden of Eden on the Isle of Saint Brandan.

Don Cristóbal was so influenced by that legend that the island´s mythical location even appeared on the “Christopher Columbus Maps”. So, although he had managed to convince the Catholic King and Queen of Aragon and Castile that you could reach the East Indies by way of sailing West and tap the fabulous riches of the Spice Islands, in his letters he reflects otherwise: his obsession to find the Garden of Eden, somewhere near China.

Finalmente, durante su Tercer Viaje a América, Colón alega que había descubierto el Paraíso en un lugar llamado Paria, ubicado en la desembocadura del Río Orinoco, en Venezuela, y se lamenta de no haber tenido los medios para remontarlo y llegar hasta el Edén. La descripción del Génesis en la que menciona la confluencia de 4 ríos como el punto en donde se ubicaba el Jardín del Eden, más la descripción del Monje Barino, encajaba perfectamente con la riqueza tropical de la desembocadura del enorme Río Orinoco.

Finally, during his Third Voyage to America, Columbus alleges that he had discovered Paradise in a place called “Paria”, situated at the mouth of the Orinoco River, in Venezuela, and he regrets not being able to explore up the river all the way to the Garden of Eden. The descriptions he read of the Book of Genesis where the merging of the 4 great rivers (Pison, Gihon, Tigris and Eufrates) is mentioned and the description of the Garden of Eden by the Monk Barino fitted perfectly with the luxuriant tropical bounty Columbus witnessed at the Gulf of Paria and of the Orinoco River Delta.

Visión de un artista sobre la llegada de Colón a la entrada del Jardín del Edén, en la desembocadura del Río Orinoco en el Golfo de Paria, Venezuela / An artist conception of Columbus arrival to the entrance of the Garden of Eden at the mouth of the Orinoco River, Gulf of Paria, Venezuela

Sin embargo hay algo muy notable, sorprendente e incluso misterioso en este hallazgo de Colón: la ubicación de la Isla de San Borondón, en donde se alegaba que estaba el Jardín del Edén, y que aparece en los mapas de Toscanelli y de Colón, estaba situada exactamente en donde está la Bahía de Paria, en Venezuela. Y nadie en Europa se imaginaba siquiera que había todo un continente al otro lado del “Mare Tenebrosum”. Un mérito enorme poco conocido del Almirante Colón, que pudo navegar en un mar completamente desconocido y llegar al punto exacto en donde estaba situado el Jardín del Edén según su mapa y el de Toscanelli.

(EOTR): Nevertheless, there is something here quite remarkable, amazing and even mysterious: the location of the Island of Saint Brandan, where allegedly was the Garden of Eden –and it is shown on the Toscanelli and Columbus maps— is exactly atop the present location of the Gulf of Paria in Venezuela. Almost impossible to know since at that time in Europe nobody even imagined that beyond de “Mare Tenebrosum” there laid a whole new continent. A little known great merit of the Admiral Colon who managed to sail over a completely unknown sea and reach the precise place where his longed Garden of Eden was situated.

En este mapa de Toscanelli, la mítica Isla de San Borondón está exactamente encima de la enorme Cuenca del Río Orinoco, a donde Colón llegó y dijo que río arriba estaba el Jardín del Edén / In this Toscanelli Map the mytical Island of Saint Brandan is located exactly over the Great Orinoco River Basin. Columbus arrived there and said that in this river´s headwaters was located the Garden of Eden.

Abajo de la mancha roja en este mapa de Venezuela está el Golfo de Paria y la desembocadura del Río Orinoco. Justo en el área señalada por Toscanelli y Colón, sin saber que América siquiera existía./ Below the burgandy spot on the map of Venezuela is the Gulf of Paria and the mouth of the Orinoco River, just over the spot where Toscanelli and Columbus placed the Garden of Eden even without knowing even that America existed.

Quizás por este descubrimiento de la entrada al Jardín del Edén, en su Cuarto –y último viaje—Colón había pasado de largo un hermoso río que encontró en lo que ahora es Panamá: el Río Chagres, por el que en la actualidad se entra al Canal, por el lado del Atlántico, del Caribe Panameño. Posiblemente, iba en busca del Río Orinoco que había visitado en su viaje anterior y por eso su aguda atención no se centró en ese río estratégico en donde, irónicamente, estaba el ansiado Paso hacia las Indias Orientales, que tanto movía a exploradores, aventureros y navegantes a encontrarlo.

Al final de su vida, Cristóbal Colón morirá convencido que Cuba era Cipango o Japón, y que la costa de Centro América era la Provincia china de Catay. Nunca supo el Gran Almirante que había descubierto un formidable nuevo continente y que a partir de allí, el mundo jamás iba a ser el mismo.

En su Tercer Viaje, Colón se va directamente en busca de la Isla de San Borondón y descubre el Río Orinoco. En su Cuarto y último Viaje, pasa por la entrada del futuro Canal de Panamá y no la explora pues su obsesión es el Río Orinoco. En la actualidad, la Franja del Río Orinoco tiene una de las mayores reservas de petróleo del mundo. Otra clase de “paraíso”./ In his Third Voyage, Columbus sailed straight to the Island of Saint Brandan and discovered the Orinoco River, In his Fourth, and last, Voyage he passed by the entrance of the future Panama Canal and does not explore it since his aim is set on the Orinoco River. At present times the Orinoco´s Belt has the biggest oil reserve in the world. Another kind of “paradise”.

Perhaps that is why in his Forth –and last—Voyage he´d bypassed a gorgeous river he found in what now is Panama: the Chagres River, the entrance of the Panama Canal, on the Caribbean or Atlantic side. Possibly Columbus was so eager to be back to the Orinoco River that he had found in his previous voyage, that his normally acute attention did not focus on that strategic river where, ironically, laid the longed for Pass to the East Indies that drove so many explorers, adventurers and seamen to find it.

At the end of his life, Crhistopher Columbus will pass away convinced that Cuba was Cipango or Japan, and that the Central America was the chinese Province of Cathay. He will never know that he has discovered a fantastic new continent and from then on the world will never be the same.

La ubicación del Jardín del Edén estaba tan enredada en cuentos, mitos y leyendas en esos tiempos, que era difícil para las mentes de la Edad Media siquiera imaginar que el Paraíso estaba en realidad, en el vecindario en donde finalmente se iba a descubrir el sensual Café.

The location of the Garden of Even was so entangled with legends and myths at those ancient times, that it was hard for the Middle Age minds to even imagine that the sought after Paradise was actually situated in the neighborhood where the sensuous Coffee would finally be discovered.

Continuará…