I can recommend every amateur historian and Bonapartofile to read Jean-Baptiste Pérès. We chase dreams. Napoleon never existed. He’s fake news. A myth. Just like, say, Santa Claus, Homerus, William Tell, Robin Hood and King Arthur. Forget him.

I once bought Pérès’ essay “Comme quoi Napoléon n’a jamais existé” in French, that language of love, but found an English version today. For the busy Napoleonist, here’s the management summary of this brilliant satire.

Napoleon Bonaparte, of whom so much has been said and written, never even existed. He is nothing more than an allegorical personage. He is the personification of the sun ; and we can prove our assertion by showing how everything related of Napoleon the Great has been borrowed from the great luminary.
Let us see briefly what we are told of this remarkable man. We are told :

– That he was called Napoleon Bonaparte:

– That he was born in an island in the Mediterranean sea ;

– That his mother’s name was Letitia-;

– That he had three sisters and four brothers, three of whom
were kings;

– That he had two wives, one of whom bore him a son ;

– That he put an end to a great revolution;

– That he had under him sixteen marshals of the empire, twelve
of whom were in active service;

– That he prevailed in the South, and was defeated in the North;

To conclude, that after a reign of twelve years, begun upon his arrival from the East, he departed, and disappeared in the Western seas.

It remains for us to ascertain whether these various details are borrowed from the sun, and we hope that every reader of this disquisition will rise convinced that this is the case.

What’s In A Name?

Pérès notes that Sun=Apollo and Napoleon sounds like Apollo. “It is unquestionable that the word Apollo means Exterminator; and it seems that this name was given by the Greeks to the sun on account of the injury it did them before Troy, where a part of their army perished from the excessive heat

(…).Now, Apollo is the same word as Apoleon. They are derived from Apollyo, or Apoleo, two Greek verbs which are really the same, and which mean ” destroy,” ” kill.” ” exterminate.”

But why is it N Apoleon, Apollo with an N? Pérès:

(…) the real name of this supposed hero was Neapoleon, or Neapolion. This is more particularly to be seen on the column of the Place Vendome. Now, this extra syllable makes no difference whatever. The svllable, no doubt, like the rest of the name, is Greek ; and in Greek ne, or nai, is one of the strongest affirmations, equivalent to our veritably, or yea. Whence it follows that Napoleon means Veritable Exterminator, Veritable Apollo ; it means, in truth, the sun.

Bonaparte is, of course, the good part, in other words, “the light”, as opposed to malaparte, darkness.

Born In The Bayou

Just like Apollo, Napoleon was born on an island in the Mediterranean. Delos wonderfully corresponds to the mythical island described in Greek mythology.

Pausanias, it is true, calls Apollo an Egyptian divinity (…) He designed to inform us that the Egyptians worshipped Apollo, and that establishes yet another connection between Napoleon and the sun; for Napoleon is said to have been held in Egypt to be invested with supernatural qualities, to have been regarded as the friend of Mahomet, and to have received homage partaking of the nature of adoration.

Son of Leto, aka The Dawn

Napoleon’s mother was named Letitia, which is the Roman translation of Leto, the mother of Apollo, Pérès writes. Napoleon had 3 sisters – corresponding with the three Graces from Greek mythology.

Brother Of The Four Seasons

Napoleon had four brothers: three were king and one of them a Prince (Lucien, Prince of Canino).

Of Napoleon’s four brothers, three, they tell us, were kings; these three kings are Spring, who reigns over the flowers; Summer, who reigns over the harvest; and Autumn, who reigns over the fruit. As these three seasons derive all their potent influence from the sun, we are told that Napoleon’s three brothers held
their sovereignty at his hands, and reigned only by his authority. And when it is added that of Napoleon’s four brothers one was not a king, it is because one of the four seasons Winter, reigns over nothing.

Napoleon Gave Us Colour

Pérès writes how the winds come “from northern climes, discolor our land, and cover it with a detested whiteness”

This has given rise to the fabulous account of the invasion of the northern nations into France, where they are said to have done away with a parti-colored flag adorning it. and to have substituted a white one which entirely covered it, after the exile of the fabulous Napoleon. It would be idle to repeat that this is merely emblematical of the rime that the winds from the north produce in the winter, and which obliterates the charming colors that the sun produced in our land, before he waned and departed from us. It is easy to see the analogy of all these things with the ingenious fables conceived in our century.

Husband Of The Moon And The Earth

According to these same fables, Napoleon had two wives; hence two wives have been attributed to the sun. These two wives are the moon and the earth : the moon according to the Greeks (Plutarch is our authority), and the earth according to the Egyptians

(…) Even so the birth of the supposed son of Napoleon has been fixed at the 2Oth of March, the period of the vernal equinox, because in the spring agricultural produce undergoes its most important phase
of development.

Napoleon’s French Revolution is Apollo’s Python

Napoleon ended the terror, aka the “Hydra of the French Revolution”. Apollo slew the Python, an enormous Serpent, as first exploit. Another similarity, Pérès writes. Besides,

revolution is obviously derived from the Latin word rwolutus, which denotes a curled-up serpent. The Revolution is the Python, neither more nor less.

The Twelve Marshals Of The Zodiac

Pérès writes:

The celebrated warrior of the nineteenth century had under him, we are told, twelve marshals at the head of his armies, and four were not in active service. Now, the twelve first are obviously the twelve signs of the zodiac, marching under the orders of the sun Napoleon (…) The four others, in all probability, are the four cardinal points, which, fixed amid universal motion, are very well symbolised by the inactivity of which we have spoken. Thus, all these marshals, active and inactive, are purely symbolical beings, with no more reality than their leader.

Napoleon Followed The Course Of The Sun

Pérès writes that we are told that “this leader of so many brilliant armies overran in triumph the countries of the south, but that, having penetrated too far north, he was there unable to maintain himself. Now, these details precisely apply to the sun’s course.”

This, then, is the material from which has been drawn Napoleon’s imaginary northern expedition to Moscow, together with the humiliating retreat by which it is said to have been followed. Thus everything we have been told of the success or defeat of this strange warrior is nothing more than a series of allusions to the course of the sun. Finally, and this needs no explanation, the sun rises in
the east and sets in the west, as all the world knows (…)That, then, is all we are to understand when we are told that Napoleon came by sea from the east (Egypt) to reign over France, and that he disappeared in the western seas after a reign of twelve years. The twelve years are nothing more than the twelve hours of the day during which the sun shines on the horizon.

Napoleon is nothing more than an image of the sun. And in truth he is nothing more, Pérès concludes.

His name proves it; his mother’s name proves it ; his three sisters, his four brothers, his two wives, his son, his marshals, his exploits. all prove it. It is proved, moreover, by his birthplace; by the regions whence we are told, he came before entering on his career of dominion; by the time he employed in traversing those regions; by the coun tries where he prevailed, by those where he succumbed; and by the place where he vanished, pale and discrowned ‘

It has, then, been proved that the supposed hero of our century is nothing more than an allegorical personage, deriving his attributes from the sun. It follows that Napoleon Bonaparte, of whom so much has been said and written, never even existed ; and this fallacy, into which so many people have fallen headlong, arises from the amusing blunder of mistaking the mythology of the nineteenth century for history.

So, remember, my fellow enfants de la patrie: he’s fantasy. Sigmar. The Emperor. Darth Vader. Forget him and paint dinosaurs instead. They’re more historic than this Ghost of Christmas Past… 

Neil Armstrong: Are You Lucky?

 

·

·

 

When Napoleon Bonaparte lost one of his generals in battles, he summoned his officers to find a replacement. After a couple of weeks, Napoleon was presented a man with sound military knowledge, strong leadership, and the courage needed for battle.

Napoleon responded, “That’s all very good, but is he lucky?”

Beneath all the controllables, all the skills and traits, and all the military acumen, Napoleon believed in the hidden force of luck and fate. In battles of life and death, he wanted generals by his side who were lucky.

It’s a hidden element of life that plays a bigger part in our lives than we like to admit. Some will say you create your own luck. There’s some truth to that. But on the other hand, there is luck that you had nothing to do with and it determines a vast majority of your life.

La Madeleine

Foto: joz

Para ser una iglesia, la Madeleine tiene sin duda una forma extraña, pues parece más bien un templo de la antigua Roma. La explicación hay que buscarla en la turbulenta historia de París en los años que rodean a la Revolución Francesa.

Historia del monumento

La antigua Madeleine

Antes de que esta zona de la ciudad quedara completamente alterada con la construcción de la enorme Plaza de la Concordia, existía en este lugar una pequeña iglesia de la Madeleine. Pero el diseño de la nueva plaza exigía una iglesia más grande, cerrando la perspectiva de la "Calle Real", que conducía hasta ella.

Cuando estalló la Revolución Francesa, la iglesia se encontraba todavía a medio construir, e inmediatamente se detuvieron las obras.

Pasado el periodo revolucionario, Napoleón quiso convertir la iglesia inacabada en un templo pagano, dedicado a la gloria del Gran Ejército, la Grande Armée. Para ello, derribó todo lo construido hasta entonces, y comenzó a levantarse el edificio que hoy contemplamos.

Pero finalmente, viendo que su efímero Imperio se derrumbaba, decidió que el edificio, ya muy avanzado, volviera a su uso original como iglesia.

Exterior del monumento

La Madeleine tiene la forma de un templo "periptero", es decir, rodeado de columnas por sus cuatro costados, como los templos griegos. Y posee las mismas dimensiones que el mayor templo de la antigua Grecia: el de Zeus Olímpico de Atenas.

Los elementos más destacados en el exterior de La Madeleine son:

1. El frontón

Fue construido después de la Restauración borbónica, en tiempos de Luis Felipe de Orleans, el "rey ciudadano". Aunque Luis Felipe había sido partidario de la Revolución, quiso que la imagen de este gran frontón tuviera un espíritu de conciliación. Por eso permitió que apareciera en él María Magdalena arrodillada ante Jesucristo Juez, como una alegoría de la Francia arrepentida, que suplica perdón por la ejecución de Luis XVI.

En efecto, a pocos pasos de esta iglesia, en la Plaza de la Concordia, había tenido lugar, el 21 de enero de 1792, la muerte del rey en la guillotina.

2. Puertas de bronce

Las puertas de entrada al templo son uno de los elementos más impresionantes de esta iglesia, por sus colosales dimensiones y por la fuerza de sus relieves.

Fueron realizadas por el barón Henri de Triqueti y representan "Los diez mandamientos". Los dos primeros se encuentran en el panel horizontal de la parte superior, y los otros 8 en las hojas de las puertas.

Estos son los mandamientos, y las escenas que los representan. Todas ellas están tomadas del Antiguo Testamento y tienen gran fuerza expresiva.

1. "No tendrás otros dioses fuera de mí". Escena que lo ilustra: el pueblo judío recibe las tablas de la Ley.
2. "No invocarás en vano el nombre de Dios". El pueblo judío ante Moisés.
3. "Santificarás las fiestas". Dios descansa el séptimo día.
4. "Honra a tu padre y a tu madre". Noé maldice al hizo que se burló de él.
5. "No matarás". Caín es castigado por la muerte de su hermano.

1. "No cometerás adulterio". El profeta Natán recrimina al rey David.
2. "No robarás". Josué dictando sentencia por un robo.
3. "No levantarás falso testimonio". Daniel defiende a la casta Susana ante la acusación injusta.
4. "No codiciarás la mujer de tu prójimo". Dios rescata a Sara, la mujer de Abraham.
5. "No codiciarás la casa de tu prójimo". Elías recrimina al rey Acab por codiciar la viña de Nabot, y darle muerte.

Detalle del 5º mandamiento. Abel yace en tierra tras ser asesinado por Caín. Foto: joz

Visita al interior

Si el exterior de La Madeleine parece un templo pagano de la Antigüedad, el interior se organiza como unas termas, con gran profusión de mármoles de colores.

Su mayor defecto es la escasa luz natural, que deja a la iglesia habitualmente en semipenumbra.

El techo se cierra mediante bóvedas rebajadas, adornadas con casetones y con un gran óculo en el centro, inspiradas en el Panteón de Roma.

Foto: Guilhem Vellut (recorte)

La iglesia está llena de esculturas realizadas por artistas que fueron los mejores en su momento. El gobierno de Luis Felipe de Orleans puso gran cuidado la decoración de esta iglesia, que debía ser "El Remplo de la Reconciliación nacional", tras las convulsiones de la Revolución Francesa y del Imperio. Por eso destinó a La Madeleine grandes cantidades de recursos.

Las piezas más vistosas son:

• El gran grupo escultórico sobre el altar principal, obra de Charles Marochetti. Se llama "El arrebato de María Magdalena", a la que muestra en éxtasis, en el momento de ser arrebatada al cielo, transportada en una canastilla por ángeles de enormes alas.

• El enorme fresco de Jules-Claude Ziegler, en el casquete del ábside. En él aparecen representados personajes de la Iglesia, de todas las épocas y culturas. La escena central representa a Cristo, que acoge y perdona a María Magdalena (alegoría de Francia arrepentida, como en el relieve del frontón).

  

  Una banda a los pies de la santa explica el motivo: dilexit multum, amó mucho.

  En el fresco aparece también la figura de Napoleón Bonaparte, que en ese momento acababa de fallecer y era extraordinariamente popular en Francia. Clica en la imagen para verlo.

LINKS ÚTILES

• Página de La Madeleine: www.eglise-lamadeleine.com
• Programa de conciertos musicales conciertos-la-madeleine.

St Lawrence and the Holy Grail

From Venite Prandete

Tradition tells us that amongst the treasures of the Church entrusted to St. Lawrence was the Holy Grail, the chalice used by Our Lord at the Last Supper.

Valencia’s sacred chalice

To protect this precious relic from the prefect of Rome, St. Lawrence entrusted it to a friend, the Spanish soldier Proselius, whom he knew would travel back to Huesca and asked him to give it to his parents for safe keeping.

In turn, St. Lawrence’s family sent the Holy Chalice to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña (north of Huesca) for preservation and veneration. In 1399, the relic was handed over to the King of Aragon, Martin “The Human” who kept it in the Royal Palace of Zaragoza and then in the Royal Palace of Barcelona in 1410 when he died.

Towards 1424, his successor King Alfonso the Magnanimous kept it in the Valencia Palace. Because of his stay in Naples, it was given with the rest of the royal relics to the Valencia Cathedral in 1437.

Since the 15th century, the Holy Grail has been kept and venerated in the Cathedral of Valencia and it was carried during the procession of Holy Thursday up to the 18th century. During the Napoleonic Wars, between 1809 and 1813, the chalice was taken to Alicante, Ibiza and Palma de Mallorca, escaping from Napoleonic invaders. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), it was hidden in the city of Carlet, south of Valencia.

Today, traditions tell us the Holy Grail is located and venerated in a special chapel in the cathedral of Valencia in Spain.’

***

ST LAWRENCE

FEAST DAY 10th AUGUST

The authors of The Bad Catholics Guide to Good Living (1) tell us, of St Lawrence:

“This early Church administrator is known both for his courage and his snarky sense of humour. When the increasingly intolerant Roman government demanded that Lawrence collect all the supposed wealth of the persecuted underground Church, St Lawrence distributed all the wealth to the poor, then gathered the widows, orphans, beggars, cripples and lepers who lived on Catholic charity and presented them to the emperor saying: “Here are the treasures of the Church.”

Charmed by his wit, Valerian condemned Lawrence to be slowly, agonisingly burned to death over a grill.

As the Roman guards stoked the fires, Lawrence displayed the power of grace, and his irresistible comic timing, by telling the Romans: “I am done on this side, you may turn me over.”

Infuriated, they did just that (neglecting to baste).

As he breathed his last, Lawrence whispered: “I am done, now you may eat.”

The history above is recorded by St Ambrose – St Lawrence was one of the seven deacons of Rome under Pope Sixtus II, who was also martyred a few days prior to the martyrdom of St Lawrence. Both of these illustrious names form part of the Invocation of the Saints in the Canon of the Mass as Martyrs of the early Church, now in heaven, together with the other six deacons and Pope St. Sixtus II who had preceded him in martyrdom.

Several senators who were present at his death were so powerfully moved by his heroic fortitude and piety that they became Christians on the spot.

These noblemen took the martyr’s body and gave it an honorable burial in the Veran field, near the road to Tivoli, on the 10th of August, 258.

Within 50 years of his martyrdom, the Christian Emperor Constantine had a patriarchal church built over his tomb, the site now known as the Basilica of St. Lawrence-Outside-the-Walls, (San Lorenzo Fuori Le Mura), where his relics can be venerated today.

The Catholic Church has declared him to be the Patron Saint of chefs, and his feast day is traditionally celebrated by a grill or a barbecue.

(1) John Zmirak & Denise Matychowiak, Crossroad, New York, (2005), at p. 119.

Caída de la República de Venecia

 

 

Caída de la República de Venecia
Parte de la campaña italiana de 1796-1797
Grabado contemporáneo de la entrada de las tropas francesas en Venecia en 1797
Fecha 11 de mayo de 1796 – 12 de mayo de 1797 Ubicación Terraferma veneciana Cambios territoriales República de Venecia disuelta Véneto ocupado por Francia como Municipalidad Provisional de Venecia hasta su anexión por el Imperio austríaco Istria y Dalmacia anexadas por el Imperio austríaco Lombardía veneciana anexada por la República Cisalpina Islas Jónicas anexadas por Francia
Beligerantes
Primera República Francesa	República de Venecia
Comandantes y líderes
Napoleón Bonaparte	Ludovico Manin Nicolò Foscarini Giacomo Nani

La República de Venecia fue disuelta y desmembrada por el general francés Napoleón Bonaparte y la Monarquía de los Habsburgo el 12 de mayo de 1797, poniendo fin a aproximadamente 1100 años de su existencia. Fue la última acción de la campaña italiana de Napoleón de 1796-1797 antes de que la Guerra de la Primera Coalición terminara formalmente en octubre.

En 1796, el joven general Napoleón había sido enviado por la recién formada República Francesa para enfrentarse a Austria, como parte del frente italiano de las Guerras Revolucionarias Francesas . Eligió pasar por Venecia, que era oficialmente neutral. A regañadientes, los venecianos permitieron que el formidable ejército francés entrara en su país para que pudiera enfrentarse a Austria. Sin embargo, los franceses comenzaron a apoyar de forma encubierta a los revolucionarios jacobinos dentro de Venecia, y el senado veneciano comenzó a realizar preparativos silenciosos para la guerra. Las fuerzas armadas venecianas estaban mermadas y difícilmente podían competir con los franceses, experimentados en batalla, o incluso con un levantamiento local. Después de la captura de Mantua el 2 de febrero de 1797, los franceses abandonaron cualquier pretexto y llamaron abiertamente a la revolución en los territorios de Venecia. Para el 13 de marzo, hubo una revuelta abierta, con la separación de Brescia y Bérgamo . Sin embargo, el sentimiento proveneciano siguió siendo alto, y Francia se vio obligada a revelar sus verdaderos objetivos después de brindar apoyo militar a los revolucionarios de bajo rendimiento.

El 25 de abril, Napoleón amenazó abiertamente con declarar la guerra a Venecia a menos que se democratizara. El Senado veneciano accedió a numerosas demandas, pero ante la creciente rebelión y la amenaza de una invasión extranjera, abdicó en favor de un gobierno de transición de jacobinos (y, por lo tanto, de los franceses). El 12 de mayo, Ludovico Manin , el último dux de Venecia, abolió formalmente la Serenísima República de Venecia después de 1.100 años de existencia.

El 17 de abril, en el Tratado de Leoben, los franceses y los austriacos habían acordado en secreto que, a cambio de entregar Venecia a Austria, Francia recibiría las posesiones de Austria en los Países Bajos. Francia ofreció a la población la oportunidad de votar si aceptaba los términos, ahora públicos, del tratado que los cedía a Austria. El 28 de octubre, Venecia votó a favor de aceptar los términos. La preferencia por Austria sobre Francia estaba bien fundada: los franceses procedieron a saquear Venecia a fondo. Además, robaron o hundieron toda la Armada veneciana y destruyeron gran parte del Arsenal veneciano , un final humillante para la que una vez había sido una de las armadas más poderosas de Europa.

El 18 de enero de 1798, los austriacos tomaron el control de Venecia y pusieron fin al saqueo. Sin embargo, el control de Austria duró poco, ya que Venecia volvería a estar bajo control francés en 1805. Luego regresó a manos austriacas en 1815 como el Reino de Lombardía-Venecia hasta su incorporación al Reino de Italia en 1866.

Risen in Egypt
Galactic Underworld & Pentachronometry

 by Goro (goroadachi.com) 
February 13, 2011

In this article I want to quickly and conclusively show that there was an unmistakable esoteric undercurrent flowing through the Egyptian Revolution January 25-February 11, 2011... revealed through "pentachronometry" or a pentagrammic temporal rhythm underlying key world events...

Pre-highlighted...

Pentachronometric Progression
Related posts: Nov 16, 2010, Jan 20, 2011	Related posts: Dec 2, '10, Jan 5, '11, Jan 8, Feb 7

[From Feb 7 post]

Two back-to-back Egyptian bulls-eyes - impressive and surreal... except unlike before it didn't necessarily have that "in your face" clarity in terms of continuing the predominant multicontextual theme of the season, "Lucifer-Venus-Phoenix rising out of the Underworld" aka "Morning Star". It was all there, of course. You had to know where, when and how to focus your attention and start digging for the treasure... the Hall of Records.

Mayan Galactic Underworld

Why Egypt and why now? It was "written in the stars." In particular... Venus aka the "Morning Star" aka "Lucifer" (original meaning) all about being pentagrammic...

Nothing says "Out of the Underworld" like the Morning Star rising over the horizon, evoking Lucifer escaping chthonic prison - a narrative amplified during the Egyptian Revolution (Jan 25-Feb 11, 2011)...

[Above graphic first posted on February 1st, full 10 days before Egyptian Revolution ended on Feb 11.]

...as Venus made its way across the Milky Way near the Galactic Center immersed in what is called the "Dark Rift," a series of overlapping black "clouds" running through a significant portion of the Milky Way. The Maya considered it the "road to Xibalba," their underworld (popularly thought integral to the Mayan calendar ominously counting down to "2012"). 

Venus in the Dark Rift = Lucifer in/rising from
the Underworld

Ophiuchus was also there accompanying Venus in the abyss, adding an extra layer of "prophetic" meaning...

The Serpent Holder

The obscure constellation few knew how to pronounce - Ophiuchus - went viral out of nowhere mid-January 2011, becoming an overnight sensation...

[Video]
Jan 14 'New' zodiac signs cause instant identity crises
Jan 14 New Zodiac Leaves Many Seeing Stars
Jan 15 Ophiuchus: suggestion of 13th sign becomes internet sensation

Many sensed "something" being signaled. Something wonderful, something "dark". It was for all intents and purposes an "omen" prefiguring the Underworld opening its mouth in the "Black Land" (Egypt originally kemet meaning "black land"). Venus was the timing aspect of the "prophecy"; Ophiuchus was there to provide spatial information through an orbital "mirror"...

...through Orion, exactly on the opposite side from Ophiuchus, signifying a hidden path to the Egyptian Underworld.

The Duat

In ancient Egypt they called their underworld the "Duat". It was ruled by Osiris the god of the dead identified with Orion whose "Belt Stars" are memorialized in the arrangement of the Giza pyramids ("Orion Correlation Theory") standing right next to Cairo or Revolution ground zero...

• Pyramids are "tombs" analogous to the underworld
• Giza once called "Rostau", originally referring to the deepest section of the Duat
• The Duat traditionally denoted by a circumscribed 5-pointed star i.e. a "pentagram" or "pentacle"

...was built and operated (scientific portions) by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory based in Tucson, Arizona, the same city where Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords - a NASA "astronaut's wife" - was shot, and for a short time thought killed, by a disturbed young man Jared Lee Loughner. She is now making a miraculous "beast"-like recovery - or "resurrection" - from her "beast"-like head injury (Revelation 13). That was back on January 8th, 2011, making it the event that pentachronometrically paved the way for Egypt's Rebirth.

Jean-Jacques-Marie Huvé ( pronunciación francesa: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak maʁi yve] ; 28 de abril de 1783, Versalles - 23 de noviembre de 1852, París ) fue un arquitecto francés que ejerció en París , trabajando en un estilo neoclásico que perfeccionó trabajando en el taller de Percier y Fontaine , los principales arquitectos de Napoleón.

Era hijo del arquitecto Jean-Jacques Huvé , de quien recibió sus primeras enseñanzas. Fue nombrado supervisor de las obras de la Iglesia de la Madeleine en 1808, y tras el fallecimiento de su arquitecto, Pierre-Alexandre Vignon  [ fr ] , en 1828, fue llamado a finalizar la obra. Su tenacidad finalmente presionó al gobierno para que liberara los fondos que permitieron la finalización de la iglesia en 1842.

Fue nombrado arquitecto de los Correos Reales, admitido como miembro de la Academia de Bellas Artes (la sección de arquitectura, música y bellas artes del Instituto de Francia ) y sirvió como presidente de la Société de Bellas Artes.

Como docente, formó en su estudio al renombrado arquitecto Eugène Viollet-le-Duc . En la École des Beaux-Arts , sus estudiantes notables incluyeron a Gustave Guérin  [ fr ] y Charles Laisné  [ fr ] .

Su único hijo, Félix Huvé (1816-1887), fue alcalde de Sablé-sur-Sarthe .

• Église de la Madeleine , París, que terminó entre 1828 y 1842
• Castillo de Saint-Ouen , construido por encargo de Luis XVIII para Zoé Talon, condesa de Cayla , 1821-1822.
• Castillo de Compiègne
• Sala Ventadour , 1826–1829

Jean-Jacques Huvé

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Jean-Jacques Huvé; by
Joseph-Benoît Suvée (c.1775)

Jean-Jacques Huvé (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak yve]; 22 June 1742, Boinvilliers - 24 May 1808, Versailles) was a French architect in the Palladian style.

Biography

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He was the first of nine children born to Jean Huvé (1707-1785), a clerk for the tax-farmer, Charles Savalette [fr], and his wife, Catherine née Delaire (1714-1786).^[1] He began his career under the sponsorship of the Savalettes, who employed him at their Chteau de Magnanville [fr] and encouraged his studies at an architectural school operated by Jacques-François Blondel. In 1762, he became an apprentice, and worked on several building projects; notably with Nicolas Lenoir [fr], reconstructing Cîteaux Abbey. From 1765 to 1766, he assisted his teacher, Blondel, with urban planning for Metz and Strasbourg.^[2]

Plan for the garden at the Domaine of Madame Élisabeth in Montreuil (1788)

In 1770, he won the Prix de Rome with his plans for an arsenal, but his departure for Italy was delayed by an internal dispute at the Académie. In the meantime, he occupied himself as an inspector of works at the Paris Mint, under the direction of Jacques Denis Antoine.^[3] In 1774, he was finally able to go to Rome. He made a lengthy stay in Languedoc en route, and worked on several projects there. During his travels, he kept an illustrated diary. While in Italy, he built an aqueduct in Catania, for Ignazio Paternò Castello, the Prince of Biscari.

Returning to France, he once again benefitted from the support of the Savalettes, and their successors at Magnanville, the Taverniers. From 1776 to 1780, he built two adjoining mansions in Yvelines and, from 1780 to 1785, a stone castle in Hornoy-le-Bourg. Later, he built a chapel and vestibule at the Chteau de Montmirail [fr]. Finally, he was able to build a home for himself and his wife, in Meudon; a small folie in Louis XVI style^[3]

His wife, who he married in 1780, was Antoinette Pucelle (1749-1829), the daughter of Pierre Vincent Pucelle (1720-1793), an advisor to the Parlement of Paris. They had a daughter and three sons, including Jacques-Marie Huvé, who also became an architect.

Thanks to a recommendation from Cardinal de Bernis, in 1777 he was named Inspector for the Btiments du roi, and served in that capacity until the Revolution.^[2] His duties included caring for the King's stables, kennels and "Potager du Roi" (kitchen garden) at Versailles Palace. He also rebuilt the hunting lodge, and redesigned the interior of the chapel, which was later destroyed. In 1783, he began working as an official architect for the King's sister, Madame Élisabeth, at Domaine de Montreuil. There, he built a circular chapel and developed an Anglo-Chinese garden.^[3]

After the Revolution, he devoted himself to administrative functions. In 1792, he was elected Mayor of Versailles, but was deposed during the Reign of Terror. He was still entrusted with minor matters, such as transforming the Grand Commun [fr] into an arms factory, and finding the missing jewels of Madame du Barry.^[2] Condemned to death in 1794, he escaped execution due to the fall of Robespierre. Returning to his municipal functions, he was chosen to be the administrator for Versailles Palace, which was being made into a museum. Later, he exhibited his views of Italy at the Salon and, in 1800, entered a competition to design a monumental column for the Place de la Concorde.

By 1801, his official functions had all been abolished. After making an attempt to obtain an administrative position at the consulate, he resigned himself to retirement. Over the next three years, he published more than twenty articles in architectural journals, then wrote his memoirs.

The Folie Huvé [fr] in Meudon

References

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1. ^ Huvé family tree @ Geneanet
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Sébastien Chaufour, Jean-Jacques Huvé (1742-1808), architecte: Retour à Palladio, thesis, École Nationale des Chartes, 2005 (Online)
3. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Michel Gallet, Les Architectes parisiens du XVIIIe siècle : Dictionnaire biographique et critique, Éditions Mengès, 1995 ISBN 2-85620-370-1

Further reading

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• Sébastien Chauffour, "La formation d’un architecte au XVIIIe siècle : les années d’apprentissage de Jean-Jacques Huvé auprès de Jacques-Denis Antoine (1767-1773)", In: Livraisons d'histoire de l'architecture #7, 2004 (Online)
• Jean-Claude Huvé (1994). Un architecte des Lumières : Jean-Jacques Huvé, 1742-1808 : sa vie, sa famille, ses idées. Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 2-7384-3055-4.

Lion of Amphipolis

Coordinates: 40°48′11″N 23°50′33″E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

 

The Lion of AmphipolisLion of Amphipolis location

The Lion of Amphipolis (Greek: Λέων της Αμφίπολης) is a 4th-century BC tomb sculpture near Amphipolis, Macedonia, northern Greece. According to Oscar Broneer and archaeologist Dimitris Lazaridis, the first person excavating in the area in the 1960s, it was set up in honour of Laomedon of Mytilene, an important general of Alexander the Great, king of Macedon.

It is now located about 1 km outside the south gate of the ancient city.

History

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The discovery of the monument is connected to the modern history of Greek Macedonia, as the first parts of it were found initially by Greek soldiers during the First Balkan War in 1912–13 when they drained the Strymonas river bed (where the stone from the Lion’s plinth had been used in a dam in or after the Roman period) to build the modern bridge.^[1] They were followed by British soldiers a few years later in 1916, during World War I, who also discovered significant parts of the monument while building fortifications at the bridge. The British tried to steal (evidence required) the pieces, but a Bulgarian attack prevented their plans.

In the early 1930s, during works for draining part of Lake Kerkini nearby, there was a discovery of an ancient bridge and close to it in the river mud further, very large pieces of the marble lion. In 1937, and thanks to Lincoln MacVeagh, the US ambassador in Greece at the time, there was a private initiative along with support and funds from the Greek government to restore the Lion of Amphipolis, which eventually came to be in its current form. The whole process has been documented thoroughly by Oscar Broneer in his book The Lion of Amphipolis published in 1941.

Description

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Although in seated position, the lion is larger and bulkier than the one erected at Chaeronea and has a height of more than 4 m in its main body. Taking into account the base, it is taller than 8 m. The head has a width of 2 m. Its craftsmanship shows a work of the 5th or first half of 4th century BC. As to when it was erected, there is no agreement between experts as there is no mention of it in ancient sources.