Quiénes son los coptos

Los cristianos coptos de Egipto conforman un grupo religioso de antiquísimo origen y constituyen la principal minoría del país.

Son unos ocho millones -el 10 por ciento de la población- y la mayor comunidad de Medio Oriente. Sin embargo, los demógrafos y analistas internacionales estiman que, si continúan siendo víctimas de estos sangrientos ataques y tensiones, están destinados a disminuir rápidamente Las masacres de hoy son solo las últimas en el tiempo en una larga trama de sangre por parte de grupos terroristas yihadistas. Los coptos se concentran en el Alto Egipto y en las periferias de las populosas ciudades de El Cairo y Alejandría, las dos más importantes del país.

Tras el derrocamiento militar en 2013 del presidente islamista Mohamed Mursi, los sectores más radicales que simpatizaban con él lanzaron una ola de violencia contra los cristianos coptos, especialmente contra sus iglesias y sedes. En febrero pasado, la filial del ISIS en Egipto amenazó directamente a los coptos en un video y les aseguró que “lo peor” está por venir.

Los coptos están presentes en todo el país y todas las categorías sociales, aunque se consideran marginados y fuera de algunos sectores como la justicia, la universidad o las fuerzas del orden.

Tras el Concilio Vaticano II, la Iglesia Católica y la Iglesia Copta iniciaron un camino ecuménico de diálogo que llegó en 1973 al primer encuentro -después de 15 siglos- entre el papa Paulo VI y el patriarca de los coptos, Shenuda III Juntos decidieron iniciar un diálogo teológico, cuyo fruto principal fue la declaración común del 12 de febrero de 1988.

La mayor parte de los coptos adhiere a la Iglesia Ortodoxa Copta. El resto está repartido entre la Iglesia Católica Copta y varias confesiones cristianas protestantes.

Es en ese marco en el que debe inscribirse el viaje que el Papa Francisco emprenderá al país entre el 28 y el 29 de abril próximos.

Historiográficamente, la historia del pueblo copto se remonta a tiempos del antiguo Egipto. Los miembros de la iglesia copta consideran que muchos de sus ascendientes fueron constructores de las pirámides. Sus antepasados más cercanos se convirtieron al cristianismo en el año 42 d. C y, a través de los años, conservaron su religión a pesar de las conquista musulmana de Egipto 600 años más tarde, con la cual, el país se perfiló con una mayoría islámica. Desde entonces, los coptos han sido objeto de discriminación.

Los primeros monjes coptos vivieron en Egipto en el siglo IV y la suya fue una de las iglesias que más sufrieron la avanzada islámica en el norte de Africa

Resultado de imagen para FRANCISCO PAPA FRANCISCO EXTRATERRESTRES

http://appleinsider.com/articles/15/04/15/from-beaches-to-bridges-apple-has-plenty-of-possible-california-themed-names-for-next-os-x

From beaches to bridges, Apple has plenty of possible California-themed names for next OS X

By AppleInsider Staff
Wednesday, April 15, 2015, 09:59 am PT (12:59 pm ET)

With Apple's next-generation Mac operating system expected to be unveiled at the upcoming Worldwide Developers Conference in June, AppleInsider looks at possible names the company might choose for its follow-up to the OS X versions dubbed Yosemite and Mavericks.

What's in a name? In the case of Apple's OS X, for years it was represented by big cats, ranging from Leopard to Lion.

But as Apple began to dig deep into the feline family tree with names like Snow Leopard and Mountain Lion, it switched to famous California locations, starting with the release of OS X 10.9 Mavericks two years ago. That name refers to the legendary surfing spot located in Northern California.

Apple's 2014 follow-up was dubbed Yosemite, a nod to the iconic U.S. National Park that calls the Golden State home.

With WWDC set to kick off on June 8, Apple has already said it plans to show "the future" of both OS X and iOS at the event. That means we'll probably get to see OS X 10.11, along with the choice of a new California landmark.

Some of California's most famous spots seem unlikely to make the cut for an OS X release. For example, Alcatraz and its role as a maximum security federal prison would not be suitable for a consumer electronics product lineup that aims to be friendly and approachable.

Alcatraz Island, via Wikipedia.

Similarly, the name San Andreas, in reference to the earthquake-prone fault line that runs through California, would likely give the impression of a crash-prone, unreliable operating system. And Death Valley, while beautiful, has not only a morbid name but an association with barren, dry lands.

In the realm of actually viable names, Apple may already have tipped its hand last year: The company has already filed for trademarks on names referring to a well-known city or geographic figure in California. They are:

OS X Sequoia
OS X Mojave
OS X Sonoma
OS X Ventura

Sequoia National Park, via Wikipedia.

The registrations, and names already used, suggest that virtually any feature, city or location in California is considered fair game for future OS X branding. With that in mind, here are some other options that Apple could choose:

OS X Cupertino: Perhaps the most obvious choice for Apple is its home city, where the company's headquarters is located, and where its Campus 2 "spaceship" facility is rapidly approaching completion.

The Golden Gate Bridge, via Wikipedia.

OS X Golden Gate: San Francisco's world-famous Golden Gate Bridge would make an excellent name for an OS X release, evoking thoughts of an impressive architectural feat, as well as an iconic design.

The Hollywood sign, via Wikipedia.

OS X Hollywood: Located within Los Angeles, the glitz and glamour of the home of the motion picture industry would be appropriate for a big and flashy update to OS X.

Vineyards in Napa Valley, via Wikipedia.

OS X Napa: California's Napa Valley is one of the premier wine regions in the world, and the name immediately conjures up images of high-class and good taste —two traits Apple would undoubtedly love to associate with a new Mac operating system release.

Ski slopes near Lake Tahoe, via Wikipedia.

OS X Tahoe: This name is particularly interesting because of an iOS connection: Codenames for Apple's iOS have been based on ski resorts, and both iOS 1.02 Heavenly and iOS 3.0 Kirkwood are named after resorts located near California's Lake Tahoe.

Redwood National Forest, via Wikipedia.

OS X Redwood: The tall trees of California's Redwood National Park stand strong and beautiful, which could symbolize the lasting power of Apple's robust OS X framework.

Long Beach, Calif., via Wikipedia.

OS X Long Beach (or Hermosa, or Venice, Malibu, or Pebble): Synonymous with sun, fun and style, California's Long Beach would imply a "cool" factor for OS X. Other famous beaches could also be OS X candidates, such as the origins of skateboarding in Hermosa Beach, the tourist-friendly sands of Venice Beach or Malibu, or the stunning PGA golf course at Pebble Beach.

The Big Sur coast, via Wikipedia.

OS X Big Sur: One of the most scenic driving routes on Earth, California's Big Sur is filled with dramatic visuals along the coast of the Pacific Ocean that, if nothing else, would make for gorgeous default wallpaper in a new OS X release.

John Mark

St. Mark by Frans Hals, c. 1625.

Bishop of Byblos^[1]

Died

First Century

Venerated in

Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Catholic Churches

Feast

September 27^[1]