Luis IX (25 de abril de 1214 - 25 de agosto de 1270), también conocido como San Luis , fue rey de Francia desde 1226 hasta su muerte en 1270. Es ampliamente reconocido como el más distinguido de los Capetos Directos . Tras la muerte de su padre, Luis VIII , fue coronado en Reims a la edad de 12 años. Su madre, Blanca de Castilla , gobernó efectivamente el reino como regente hasta que alcanzó la mayoría de edad y continuó sirviendo como su consejera de confianza hasta su muerte. Durante sus años de formación, Blanca se enfrentó con éxito a los vasallos rebeldes y defendió la causa de los Capetos en la Cruzada Albigense , que había estado en curso durante las últimas dos décadas.
Luis instigó importantes reformas en el sistema legal francés , creando un mecanismo de justicia real que permitía a los peticionarios apelar las sentencias directamente ante el monarca. Abolió los juicios por ordalía , se esforzó por poner fin a las guerras privadas e incorporó la presunción de inocencia en los procedimientos penales . Para implementar su nuevo marco legal, estableció los cargos de prebostes y alguaciles . El reinado de Luis IX a menudo se marca como un cenit económico y político para la Francia medieval , y gozó de un inmenso respeto en toda la cristiandad . Su reputación de gobernante justo y juicioso llevó a que se le solicitara que mediara en disputas más allá de su propio reino. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Los admiradores de Luis a lo largo de los siglos lo han celebrado como el monarca cristiano por excelencia. Su habilidad como caballero y su trato agradable con el público contribuyeron a su popularidad. San Luis era extremadamente piadoso, ganándose el apodo de " rey monje ". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Luis era un cristiano acérrimo y aplicó rigurosamente la ortodoxia católica . Promulgó duras leyes contra la blasfemia , [ 4 ] y también emprendió acciones contra la población judía de Francia , incluida la orden de usar una insignia amarilla de la vergüenza, así como la notoria quema del Talmud después de la Disputa de París . Luis IX tiene la distinción de ser el único rey canonizado de Francia. [ 5 ]
Gran parte de lo que se conoce de la vida de Luis proviene de la famosa Vida de San Luis de Jean de Joinville . Joinville era un amigo cercano, confidente y consejero del rey. Participó como testigo en la investigación papal sobre la vida de Luis que resultó en su canonización en 1297 por el papa Bonifacio VIII . Otras dos biografías importantes fueron escritas por el confesor del rey, Godofredo de Beaulieu , y su capellán, Guillermo de Chartres . Si bien varias personas escribieron biografías en las décadas posteriores a la muerte del rey, solo Jean de Joinville, Godofredo de Beaulieu y Guillermo de Chartres escribieron a partir del conocimiento personal del rey y de los eventos que describen, y los tres tienen un sesgo favorable al rey. La cuarta fuente importante de información es la biografía del siglo XIX de Guillermo de Saint-Parthus, [ 6 ] que escribió utilizando material de la investigación papal mencionada anteriormente.
Luis nació el 25 de abril de 1214 en Poissy , cerca de París, hijo de Luis el León y Blanca de Castilla , [ 7 ] y fue bautizado allí en la iglesia de La Collégiale Notre-Dame . Su abuelo paterno fue el rey Felipe II de Francia , y su abuelo materno fue el rey Alfonso VIII de Castilla . Los tutores elegidos por Blanca le enseñaron latín , oratoria, escritura, artes militares y gobierno. [ 8 ] Tenía nueve años cuando murió su abuelo Felipe II y su padre se convirtió en el rey Luis VIII. [ 9 ]
The tallest monument in the United States was completed on this date in 1965. The Gateway Arch stands 630 feet tall and is the focal point of the St. Louis skyline. Constructed out of concrete and stainless steel, the arch has a tram system built within it that will take visitors to the very top where they have an amazing view of the city. The arch was built for two main reasons, first was to create jobs, but maybe more importantly to commemorate the Westward Expansion of the United States. According to reports, the cost of the project was estimated to be around $13 million which in today’s money would be around $190 million. The arch has more than 4 million visitors each year and is an important part of the city’s economy.
The last rivet was fitted which completed the installation of the Statue of Liberty on this date in 1886. President Grover Cleveland was on hand to perform the dedication ceremony as well as numerous American and French dignitaries. Lady Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States to commemorate their friendship during the American Revolution. The 151-foot tall statue was originally built in Paris then disassembled and shipped to the U.S. in an estimated 200 different crates. The steel framework was designed by Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel, who made a name for himself by designing the Eiffel Tower. But the overall design was done by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi.
3. 1922: First college football game broadcast nationwide on the radio
It was on this date in 1922 the first college football game was broadcast nationwide on the radio. The Princeton Tigers went up against the Chicago Maroons at Stagg Field in Chicago. The Maroons were heavily favored and were one of the most dominant teams in the Big Ten conference. Unfortunately, the broadcast wasn’t live during the game; that didn’t happen until two years later in 1924. What would normally happen was a reporter would sit in the press box at the stadium and would phone the details of what was happening back to the station. An announcer would be standing by to re-enact the play by play using the help of sound effects and sometimes an in-studio audience. Even though Princeton was the underdog, they managed to pull off a major upset and then went on to finish the season with an undefeated record.
The Gateway Arch, designed by Finnish-born, American-educated architect Eero Saarinen, was erected to commemorate President Thomas Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and to celebrate St. Louis’ central role in the rapid westward expansion that followed.
As the market and supply point for fur traders and explorers—including the famous Meriwether Lewis and William Clark—the town of St. Louis grew exponentially after the War of 1812, when great numbers of people began to travel by wagon train to seek their fortunes west of the Mississippi River. In 1947-48, Saarinen won a nationwide competition to design a monument honoring the spirit of the western pioneers. In a sad twist of fate, the architect died of a brain tumor in 1961 and did not live to see the construction of his now-famous arch, which began in February 1963. Completed in October 1965, the Gateway Arch cost less than $15 million to build. With foundations sunk 60 feet into the ground, its frame of stressed stainless steel is built to withstand both earthquakes and high winds. An internal tram system takes visitors to the top, where on a clear day they can see up to 30 miles across the winding Mississippi and to the Great Plains to the west. In addition to the Gateway Arch, the Jefferson Expansion Memorial includes the Museum of Westward Expansion and the Old Courthouse of St. Louis, where two of the famous Dred Scott slavery cases were heard in the 1860s.
The image on this page is an animated image of the construction of the Gateway Arch between February 29, 1964 – October 28, 1965. There are nine images in this animation that show the Arch at different points during its construction.
Today, some 4 million people visit the park each year to wander its nearly 100 acres, soak up some history and take in the breathtaking views from Saarinen’s gleaming arch.
St. Louis, Missouri, a city steeped in history and brimming with modern allure, is home to one of the most iconic landmarks in the United States: the Gateway Arch. As the centerpiece of the Gateway Arch National Park, this architectural marvel stands tall, inviting millions of visitors each year to witness its grandeur and immerse themselves in its rich history. Let's delve into some fascinating facts about the St. Louis Arch, its significance, and the experiences it offers to travelers.
(Photo credit @ChrisHardy/Unsplash)
A Monumental Marvel: Designed by Eero Saarinen
The St. Louis Arch, affectionately known as the Gateway Arch, was designed by the renowned Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen. Rising 630 feet into the sky, its sleek, stainless steel facade gleams in the sunlight, symbolizing the city's spirit of progress and innovation. Saarinen's vision for the Arch was not only to create a striking monument but also to serve as a gateway to the west, commemorating St. Louis's pivotal role in the expansion of the United States.
A Symbol of Expansion and Unity
Construction on the Arch began on February 12, 1963, and was completed on October 28, 1965, marking a significant milestone in the expansion of the United States and the development of the St. Louis Riverfront. As visitors ascend to the observation deck atop the Arch, they are treated to breathtaking panoramic views of the city skyline and the mighty Mississippi River below, offering a unique perspective on St. Louis's rich history and vibrant culture.
Journey to the Top: Visitors' Experience
One of the highlights of any visit to the Gateway Arch is the journey to the top. Visitors embark on a thrilling ride aboard unique tram capsules, which transport them to the observation deck at the Arch's summit. From this vantage point, visitors can marvel at the sprawling cityscape of St. Louis, with its historic landmarks, bustling neighborhoods, and verdant parks stretching out before them. It's an experience that offers a true sense of the city's scale and significance.
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What sets the St. Louis Arch apart is its unique dimensions. Standing at 630 feet tall and 630 feet wide, it is as wide as it is tall, creating a perfect arch that frames the city skyline with precision and grace. This symmetrical design is a testament to the meticulous planning and engineering prowess that went into its construction, ensuring that it stands as a lasting symbol of St. Louis's aspirations and achievements.
Illuminating the Night: A Radiant Glow
In recent years, efforts have been made to enhance the Arch's allure even further. The city of St. Louis approved a bill permitting the illumination of the Arch, allowing it to shine brightly against the night sky and captivating visitors with its radiant glow. This initiative has transformed the Arch into a beacon of light and hope, drawing even more admirers to its towering embrace.
Exploring St. Louis: Beyond the Arch
While the Gateway Arch may be the most recognizable landmark in St. Louis, the city offers a wealth of attractions and experiences for visitors to enjoy. From the historic Basilica of Saint Louis, King of France, to the immersive City Museum, there is no shortage of cultural treasures to explore. Visitors can also take a scenic Gateway Boat Cruise along the Mississippi River or visit the world-class St. Louis Art Museum in Forest Park.
Discovering the Gateway City
In conclusion, the St. Louis Arch stands as a symbol of progress, expansion, and unity, inviting visitors to explore its towering majesty and immerse themselves in the rich history of the Gateway City. Whether you're marveling at the Arch's sleek silhouette, ascending to its summit for panoramic views, or exploring the city's vibrant neighborhoods and cultural attractions, St. Louis offers an unforgettable travel experience that will leave you with lasting memories. So why wait? Plan your visit to St. Louis today and discover the magic of the Gateway City for yourself.
7 Therefore Jesus said again, “Very truly I tell you, I am the gate for the sheep.8 All who have come before me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep have not listened to them.9 I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved.[a] They will come in and go out, and find pasture.
Jan 17: Obama train ride to DC commemorating Lincoln
Jan 18: Obama concert & speech at LincolnMemorial
Jan 20: Obama taking presidential oath on Lincoln's Bible
5-Day Gap
from Hudson Miracle to Obama inauguration expressing
'Time Travel'
via clocks shown in (original)
Planet of the Apes ('POTA')
POTA Time Information:
Earth Time: ~March 26, 2673 (~Mar 23-27 during scene)
Ship Time: July 14, 1972
Estimated departure time: ~Jan 14, 1972 ('6 months' ago) Reflected in Flight 1549 departure/crash on January 15
Days elapsed on ship since departure: ~182.5 days
Days elapsed on Earth since departure: ~256,107 days
We're dealing with two separate time streams heredue to time dilation experienced on the spaceship traveling near the speed of light, i.e. time is slowed down on the ship per Einstein's
Special Theory of Relativity.
(This is why the astronauts comes back to afuture Earth ruled by 'Bigfoots'.)
Based on the data provided we can calculate the precise time ratio:
1 day on POTA ship = ~1403.326 days on earth
1 day on earth = ~1.026 minutes on POTA ship
We now apply this to Flight 1549.
The actual flight time data:
Flight 1549 Departure: ~3:25:30 pm (+/- 30 sec)
Flight 1549 Crash: ~3:30:30 pm
Flight duration: ~5 minutes(+/- 30 sec)
Flight 1549 was in the air for approximately:
5 minutes.
On the POTA spaceship (relative to Earth) that translates to:
5 days.
(NOTE: 1 minute on POTA ship = ~0.97 earth day)
Precisely matching the 5-day gap between Flight 1549 and Obama's inauguration!
Jan 15: Flight 1549 crash reenacting Planet of the Apes
Jan 17: Obama train ride to DC mimickingLincoln
Jan 18: Obama concert & speech at Lincoln Memorial
Jan 20: Obama taking presidential oath on Lincoln's Bible
An unexpected association dramatically confirmed by Flight 1549 'time travel'...
POTA Time Information:
POTA spaceship departure date: ~January 14, 1972
POTA 'Earth Date' in opening scene: ~March 26, 2673
Elapsed time: ~256,107 days (701 years, 2 months, ~12 days)
Applying the elapsed time to Flight 1549,we get a 'departure date' thus:
Flight 1549 (Jan 15, 2009) - 256,107 days = Oct 28, 1307
FACT: TheKnights Templarwere arrested in FranceOctober 1307 (directly leading to the order's dissolution in 1312)!
Oct 13, 1307: Large number of Templars arrested in France
Oct 24, 1307: Grand Master Jacques de Molay confession under torture (later retracted)
It was between 1307 and 1312 that a mysterious Templar artifact called 'Baphomet' surfaced, now popularly associated with the 'Satanic' (inverted) pentagram...
...which is a 'V'...
...which is a'Holy Grail' symbol popularized by The Da Vinci Code, signifying among other things the womb of Mary.
The Templars are traditionally seen as the 'guardians of the Holy Grail'a la the Arthurian 'Knights of the Round Table' prefiguring them in the grey zone between reality and fiction.
* * *
Templar Bigfoot
Lincoln's assassin John Booth enters the National Treasure: Book of Secretsopening sequence via a close-up shot of his boot or... 'big foot'.
In the same vein Flight 1549 and Obama's inauguration were followed several days later on January 25-26, 2009 by 'The Last Templar' (original TV movie premiering on NBC) which could not be more obsessed with feet/shoes.(There was a hint of time travel as Templar knights were shown roaming the streets of a modern city.)
...with a thinly veiled Templar red cross on the cover.
Why?
What's the message behind the 'Templar foot/boot'' signals?
The answer:
King Arthur
...who is at the heart of the Holy Grail continuum.
The name 'Arthur' derives from Arcturus, the brightest star in the constellation Boötes. Regardless of pronunciation ('boh-oh-teez'), that is our Templar Bootright there. Arcturus, after all, represents the leftfoot of Boötes!
Arthur = Arcturus = left foot of Boötes ('Boots')
King Arthur is a 'Templar Foot/Boot'
But is he a bigfoot(associated with time travel via POTA)? Most definitely. Again the answer is in his name 'Arthur' whichis usually interpreted to mean 'bear-man' just like 'Yeti' - another term for 'Bigfoot' - similarly meaning 'man-bear'!
Arthur = 'bear-man' = 'man-bear' = Yeti = Bigfoot
'Hoax' = 'hocus pocus' = 'hoc est corpus' ('this is the body') = eucharist/Holy Communion = Last Supper, Jesus saying 'this is my body' = Holy Grail/Philosopher's Stone
So on and so forth.
That's the hidden context. Now you know.
The expanded multicontextual awareness helps us go deeper into the rabbit hole and unravel the mystery of the spacetime continuum that is the Holy Grail.
* * *
*Above information was originally released January 12, 2010 on STRUG (Super Torch Ritual Underground) where knowledge moves faster than the speed of light. :)
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